Download
1 / 111
1.14k likes | 1.41k Vues
英 国 文 学. English Literature ( Late 20th and 21 st Century) 主讲教师：田祥斌. Mobile: 13972603385 QQ:12531832332. Lecture X. English Literature in the Late 20 th and 21st Century. Winners of Nobel Prize of Literature in UK. U.K. （包括英联邦王国） --1907 吉卜林（Rudyard Kipling， 1865 ～ 1936 ）
E N D
英 国 文 学 English Literature (Late20th and 21st Century) 主讲教师：田祥斌 Mobile: 13972603385 QQ:12531832332
Lecture X English Literature in the Late 20th and 21st Century
Winners of Nobel Prize of Literaturein UK U.K. （包括英联邦王国） --1907吉卜林（Rudyard Kipling，1865～1936） --1923 叶芝（William Butler Yeats，1865～1939） Irish poet and dramatist --1925 萧伯纳（George Bernard Shaw，1856～1950） Irish dramatist --1932 高尔斯华绥（John Galsworthy，1867～1933） --1948,T.S.艾略特（T.S.Eliot，1888～1965）poet, dramatist --1950,罗素（Bertrand Russell，1872～1970） philosopher --1953,丘吉尔（Winston Churchill，1874～1965） biographer
--1973, 怀特（Patrick White，1912～1990）Australian novelist and dramatist（英联邦王国） --1981, 卡内蒂（Elias Canetti，1905～1994）in German --1983,戈尔丁（William Golding，1911～1994） --2001, 奈保尔（V. S. Naipaul，1932～） --2005, 哈罗德·品特（Harold Pinter，1930~2008）， dramatist --2007, 莱辛（Doris Lessing，1919— ），female novelist 英联邦： --1991,戈迪默（Nadine Gordimer，1923～）South African female novelist --2003, 库切（J. M. Coetzee，1940～）South African novelist --2013,爱丽丝·门罗(Alice Munro，1931 ～) Canadian short-story writer
I. From the Beginning of 20th century to 1945 Novelists Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936): Imperial spirit H. G. Wells (1866-1946): Science Fiction writer E.M.Forster (1879-1970)
--He was well established in the literary world as one of the leading Modernists. --One of his guiding beliefs was that a man must always be faithful to his friends, his fellows and his employers. If there is no faithfulness between man and man, ruin is certain to follow.
Conrad’s literary achievements and major works --He wrote 13 novels and some novellas and short stories --The Nigger of the Narcissus (1897): It was his first novel of importance. --Lord Jim (1900): It is one of his greatest novels. --Heart of Darkness (1902): one of the best novels of the 20th-century.
D: His Contributions --He bridged the gap between the great Victorian writers and the modern writers through his pursuit of the perfection of style and innovation of the narrative forms, psychological examination of the human nature and the symbolic use of the impressionism. --Heart of Darkness provides a bridge between Victorian values and the ideals of modernism. -- Heart of Darkness is a narrative about the difficulty of understanding the world beyond the self, about the ability of one man to judge another. -- the novella’s central theme of hypocrisy and absurdity.
Rudyard Kipling(1865-1936)拉迪亚德·吉卜林 --Advocator of the Imperial Spirit A. His life and his achievements --Kipling was born in Bombay, India . --He returned to England in 1902, settling at Bateman’s, a 17th century house in Sussex. --In 1907, he became the first Englishman to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. -His most popular works remain The Jungle Book which was written for children and the novel Kim .
The Jungle Book (1894,1895) Genre: Novel Category: Animal fable Time: 19th-century Place: India First edition: 1894-5 Major Characters: Mowgli: Indian boy Father wolf Mother wolf
C. His Imperialist Ideology 1. He put the blame on the natives themselves. 2. “the White Man’s Burden” 3. to bring civilization to the natives 4. Englishmen’s prejudice
Herbert G. Wells(1866--1946) Ｈ.Ｇ.威尔斯 --Modernist • A. His main works • The Time Machine (1895) 《时间机器》 • The Island of Dr Moreau(1896)《莫洛博士岛》 • The Invisible Man(1897) 《隐形人》 • The War of the Worlds(1898) 《世界之战》 • When the Sleeper Wakes(1899) • 《当睡眠者醒来的时候》
H. G. Wells • The Shapes of Things to Come • (1933) 《未来事物的面貌》 • Ann Veronica(1909) 《安.维罗尼卡》 • Kipps(1905) 《基普斯》
In the year 802701, a society divided into two classes: Morlocks and Eloi .
H. G. Wells: His contributions • 1) His Time Machine pioneered the English science fiction. • 2) He inherited the English realistic tradition, but combined it with the scientific fantasies. In a sense he bridged the gap in the transformation from realism to modernism.
H. G. Wells: His science fiction • 1) the danger to man • 2) limits of the human body and the qualities of machines • 3) explore the world of space • On the whole, he was interested in the possibilities for good rather than in the disadvantages. • The details of science fiction stories change and develop as scientific advances are made, but many of the themes remain the same.
E.M.Forster -- a member of “Bloomsbury Group” Two classics have been given by him: --Howards End《霍华兹别墅》《霍华德别业》 --A Passage to India《印度之行》 theory of novel-writing -- Aspects of the Novel 《小说面面观》 He is generally considered one of the major British novelists of 20th century.
II. British Fiction from 1945 to the 1960s 1. George Orwell(1903-1950) 2. Graham Greene (1904-1991) 3. William Golding (1911-1993) 4. Doris Lessing (1919-) 5. Iris Murdoch (1919-1999) 6. Kingsley Amis (1922-1995)
Orwell is certainly the most important political writer of the post-war years because much of his best writing is political.
His literary achievements and his major works --Orwell was a novelist and an essayist. He wrote 6 novels all together. --The most important novels are his Animal Farm(1945) Nineteen Eighty-four(1949)
Animal Farm (1945) Orwell’s most popular book, is a political fable which criticizes Stalin and the Russian government in the 1930’s. Genre: Novel Author: George Orwell Category: Political allegory (fable) Place: England First edition: 1945 Major Characters: Napoleon: a pig, the symbol of Stalin Snowball: a pig, the symbol of Lenin
One Pig, the Major’s speech "Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old. No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth.
"Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the animals. “all animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others.” Pigs are considered more intelligent than the rest animals.
THE SEVEN COMMANDMENTS 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 7. All animals are equal.
Chapter 10: It was a pig walking on his hind legs. Yes, it was Squealer. A little awkwardly, as though not quite used to supporting his considerable bulk in that position, but with perfect balance, he was strolling across the yard.
Graham Greene:literary achievements 1. He wrote 27 novels, numerous “entertainments”, plays, short stories, essays, children’s books, travel books, important film scripts, and verses. 2. versatile novelist: spy novel and the thriller, the religious romance, detective stories, the novel noir, the political novel and the social comedy.
Graham Greene • - two groups of novels: • serious novels and entertainments (light) • Almost all of Greene’s books have been turned into films because he writes vividly with carefully chosen details of things that can be seen with the eye, and very interesting characters.
Graham Greene • His serious novels • The Power and the Glory(1940)《权利与荣耀》 • The Heart of the Matter(1948) 《问题的核心》 • It was considered to be his best novel. It questioned the conventional notion of good and evil and explored the psychological interpretation of the nature of human beings. Its hero, Scobie, is a police officer.
1. His Life and Career The Booker Prize Best Novel winner (1980) : Rites of Passage Won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1983 (Lifetime Achievement winner) William Golding
2. Major works Lord of the Flies (1954) The Inheritors (1955) 《继承人》> Pincher Martin (1956) Free Fall (1959)《自由堕落》 The Spire (1964)《塔尖》 Darkness Visible (1979)《看得见的黑暗》 The Rites of Passage (1980) 《航行仪式》 William Golding
-The Paper Men (1984) -The Double Tongue (1995)
William Golding: Viewpoints • Holding a strong pessimistic view towards human nature. • Man was born evil. • Regarding man as inherently savage and violent. • Thinking civilization is easily broken and it is temporary.
William Golding • Institutions and order imposed from outside ; moral behavior is often merely a forced imposition of civilization, rather than a natural expression of human individuality. • Evil is a destructive force in man. • Man is prone to evil. 人容易变邪恶 • As a religious writer, he emphasizes original Sin in the Puritan tradition. • He is concerned with man's sin and guilt
Lord of the Flies Major Characters Ralph Piggy Jack Simon Roger
Doris Lessing • -She was shortlisted for the Booker Prize three times. • - the nominees for the Nobel Prize for Literature three times • -In 2007 she was awarded Nobel Prize for Literature, at her age 87. • - one of the most important post-war writers in English • -Her politics of gender lead to her adoption by the feminist movement.
Lessing’s literary achievements -35 novels (12 of 3 series, 23 novels, until 2013-3) -17 collections of short novels -9 collections of non-fiction -16 short stories -Plays -She is still writing: novellas
