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Fyodor Dostoevsky

Fyodor Dostoevsky. Background. Dostoevsky born in hospital for the poor in Moscow on October 30, 1821 2 nd of 7 children Father, despotic and hot-tempered, murdered by his own serfs Mother, tender and sensitive, died when Fyodor was only 15

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Fyodor Dostoevsky

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  1. Fyodor Dostoevsky

  2. Background • Dostoevsky born in hospital for the poor in Moscow on October 30, 1821 • 2nd of 7 children • Father, despotic and hot-tempered, murdered by his own serfs • Mother, tender and sensitive, died when Fyodor was only 15 • Graduated 1843 from St. Petersburg’s Academy of Military Engineers

  3. Crime and Punishment • Decided to become a writer rather than follow military career • Reign of Tsar Nikolay I very despotic • Caused reactionary force to arise within people • Dostoevsky opposed to censorship and serfhood • Belonged to group of Utopian Socialists headed by M.V. Petrashevsky • Under repressive rule of Tsar, young men in Petrashevsky group were arrested and sentenced to death • Sentence commuted only after mock reenactment of execution • Dostoevsky spent 4 years in Omsk penal settlement and 5 years as a private in Siberian Army in Semipalatinsk

  4. The Criminal Mind • Dostoevsky experienced firsthand the irrationality and evil of the criminal mind • Ceased to believe that criminal solutions could redeem a corrupt soul • From New Testament, found that salvation comes not from political or institutional change but from internal religious transformation

  5. Return from Siberia • Dostoevsky returned in December of 1859 with religious mission • Believed strongly in profound spiritual resources of ordinary people • Also believed in superiority of Russian cultural and moral values

  6. Crime and Punishment II

  7. Themes • After death of Tsar Nikolay I, Aleaxander II’s reign was more liberal • C&P published during flowering of intellectual and philosophical pursuit • Focus is on psychological landscape of hero’s mind • Insists on spiritual side to man, refutes enlightenment notion of complete rationality • St. Petersburg a metaphor for hero’s mind • Narrative structure experimented with fluid structure of subjective experience • Tension between social and private selves

  8. Diary of a Writer • Founded two journals, Time and Epoch • Struggled with constant debt and epilepsy • Married twice, faced death of his beloved brother, 1st wife, and two children • Gambled constantly and was forced to pawn belongings • Died January 28, 1881. 50,000 people attended his funeral where he was hailed as the “prophet of Russia.”

  9. Schiller • Referenced in the text: “Schiller-like souls” • Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (Marbach am Neckar, November 10, 1759 – May 9, 1805 in Weimar) was a Germanpoet, philosopher, historian, and dramatist. • Criticized social corruption and affirmed of proto-revolutionary republican ideals

  10. More Schiller! • He developed the concept of the Schöne Seele (beautiful soul), a human being whose emotions have been educated by his reason, so that Pflicht und Neigung (duty and inclination) are no longer in conflict with one another; thus "beauty," for Schiller, is not merely a sensual experience, but a moral one as well: the Good is the Beautiful

  11. And yet more Schiller! • Schiller wrote two important essays on the question of the Sublime (das Erhabene), entitled "Vom Erhabenen" and "Über das Erhabene"; these essays address one aspect of human freedom as the ability to defy one's animal instincts, such as the drive for self-preservation, as in the case of someone who willingly dies for a beautiful idea.

  12. Quotations • "Against stupidity the gods themselves contend in vain." — Maid of Orleans • "The voice of the majority is no proof of justice." • "Deeper meaning resides in the fairy tales told to me in my childhood than in any truth that is taught in life." • "Eine Grenze hat die Tyrannenmacht", which literally means "A tyrant's power has a limit" - — Wilhelm Tell • "It is not flesh and blood but the heart which makes us fathers and sons."

  13. St. Anne’s Ribbon • The Order of St. Anna (or "Order of Saint Ann"; Russian: Орден святой Анны) was a Holstein and then Russianorder of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp on 14 February1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia. The motto of the Order was "Amantibus Justitiam, Pietatem, Fidem" ("To those who love justice, piety, and fidelity").

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