1. Greenhouse effect Project-Based Global Climate Change Education Curriculum Development Workshop Clarkson University

2. Global radiation Source: Trenberth et al. (2009). http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/Trenberth/trenberth.papers/10.1175_2008BAM2634.1.pdf

3. Earth-Sun Interaction http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance/

4. Solar radiation • The sun emits energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation • The emission characteristics of sun’s radiation can be understood by considering it as a black-body • A blackbody is an idealized body which is a perfect absorber of all electromagnetic radiation • The energy is spread over a range of wavelengths • The wavelength corresponding to the peak energy is dependent on the temperature of the black body

5. Wavelengths

6. Black-body radiation • Blackbody radiation • Thermal radiation of a black body • Earth and Sun can be considered as blackbodies • i.e., perfect absorbers of radiation • Emission spectrum is dependent on the temperature of the body Source: PhET, University of Colorado. http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/blackbody-spectrum Note: Flash required to run this program (http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/ )

7. Emission profiles Earth (300K) Sun (5777K)

8. Incoming solar radiation Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance/

9. Solar radiation balance at the surface Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance/

10. Greenhouse gases • Greenhouse effect • Long-wave radiation absorbed by molecules in the atmosphere • Result in increase in temperature of the atmosphere • Radiate energy back to earth • Visualization of the greenhouse effect • CO2 interaction with radiation • Source: King's Centre for Visualization in Science,The King's University College, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada , http://www.kcvs.ca/site/projects/climate.html • The different greenhouses gases • Source: http://www.kcvs.ca/site/projects/climate.html • Earth’s temperature as a function of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration • Source: PhET, University of Colorado; http://phet.colorado.edu/)

11. Solar radiation spectrum Source: Wikipedia

12. Atmosphere Energy Budget Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance/

13. Global radiation Source: Trenberth et al. (2009). http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/Trenberth/trenberth.papers/10.1175_2008BAM2634.1.pdf

14. Radiation budget Source: http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/SCOOL/energy_budget.html

15. Radiation spectra Source: Wikipedia

16. Applets • Install Java • To check if Java is already installed in your computer, go to, http://www.java.com/en/download/installed.jsp • If not, download the program (http://www.java.com/en/) • Adobe Flash • Test your Adobe Flash installation (http://www.adobe.com/software/flash/about/ ) • Install Adobe flash (http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/) • Applets source: • Radiation • http://itg1.meteor.wisc.edu/wxwise/radiation/tez.html • CO2-radiation interaction and IR spectra • http://www.kcvs.ca/site/projects/climate.html • Greenhouse gas and Earth’s temperature • http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/greenhouse • Carbon Cycle • http://es.carboncycle.aos.wisc.edu/carbon-budget-tool/ • Other References: • IPCC report, 2007 • Hardy J.T., Climate change: Causes, Effects, and Solutions, Wiley Publications, 2006 • www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov • Wikipedia