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Cardiovascular System and Blood Dr. Michael P. Gillespie

Cardiovascular System and Blood Dr. Michael P. Gillespie. Identify terms relating to the composition, formation, and function of blood. Differentiate among the different types of blood groups. Identify terms related to blood clotting.

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Cardiovascular System and Blood Dr. Michael P. Gillespie

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  1. Cardiovascular System and Blood Dr. Michael P. Gillespie

  2. Identify terms relating to the composition, formation, and function of blood. Differentiate among the different types of blood groups. Identify terms related to blood clotting. Build words and recognize combining forms used in blood system terminology. Chapter Goals

  3. Describe various pathologic conditions affecting blood. Describe various laboratory tests and clinical procedures used with hematologic disorders, and recognize relevant abbreviations. Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records. Chapter Goals

  4. Blood: Transports foods, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body • Other transported items: • chemical messengers • blood proteins, white blood cells, and platelets Introduction

  5. cells • plasma • water • proteins Composition of Blood • sugar • salts • hormones • vitamins

  6. Erythrocytes: red blood cells transport nutrients and oxygen Leukocytes: white blood cells Thrombocytes: platelets; clot blood Cell Types and Function

  7. Leukocytes:or white blood cells basophils: contain heparin (prevents clotting) and histamine (involved in allergic responses) eosinophils: phagocytic cells involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections neutrophils: phagocytic cells that accumulate at sites of infection monocytes: phagocytic cells that become macrophage and digest bacteria and tissue debris lymphocytes: control the immune response; make antibodies to antigens Cell Types and Function

  8. Stages in Blood Development (Hematopoiesis)

  9. Review: Composition of Blood

  10. Plasma Proteins • albumin • globulins: immunoglobulins (IgG,IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE) • fibrinogen • prothrombin Plasma

  11. Type A: A antigen and anti-B antibody Type B: B antigen and anti-A antibody Type AB: A and B antigens and no antibodies (universal recipient) Type O: no A or B antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies (universal donor) Rh factor (positive and negative) Blood Types

  12. Coagulation: fibrin clot Anticoagulants: heparin, warfarin (Coumadin) Blood Clotting

  13. The blood contains the following to transport oxygen: • white blood cells • plasma • platelets • red blood cells QUICK QUIZ:

  14. 2. Blood contains these clotting cells: • erythrocytes • plasma • thrombocytes • leukocytes QUICK QUIZ:

  15. bas/o base • chrom/o color • coagul/o clotting • cyt/o cell • eosin/o red, dawn, rosy • erythr/o red Combining Forms and Terminology Combining Form Meaning

  16. granul/o granules hem/o blood hemat/o blood hemoglobin/o hemoglobin is/o same, equal kary/o nucleus Terminology Combining Form Meaning

  17. leuk/o white • mon/o one, single • morph/o shape, form • myel/o bone marrow • neutr/o neutral • nucle/o nucleus Combining Forms and Terminology Combining Form Meaning

  18. phag/o eat, swallow • poikil/o varied, irregular • sider/o iron • spher/o globe, round • thromb/o clot Terminology Combining Form Meaning

  19. Suffixes • -apheresis • -blast • -cyte • -cytosis • -emia • -globin • -globulin • -lytic • -oid • -osis • -penia • -phage • -philia • -phoresis • -poiesis • -stasis

  20. Anemia:Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin Other types of anemia: • aplastic anemia • hemolytic anemia • pernicious anemia • sickle cell anemia • thalassemia Diseases of Red Blood Cells

  21. Aplastic anemia: failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation of bone marrow cells Hemolytic anemia: reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction Pernicious anemia: lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body Types of Anemia

  22. sickle cell: a hereditary disease characterized by abnormal shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis thalassemia: an inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin hemochromatosis: excess iron deposits throughout the body polycythemia vera: general increase in red blood cells Types of Anemia (cont’d)

  23. 3. What is the most common type of anemia? • hemolytic anemia • sickle cell anemia • iron deficiency anemia • aplastic anemia QUICK QUIZ:

  24. Types of Anemia

  25. hemophilia: Excessive bleeding caused by the lack of one of the protein substances necessary for blood clotting purpura: Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin Disorders of Blood Clotting

  26. leukemia: An increase in cancerous white blood cells • acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) • acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) • chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) • chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) Diseases of White Blood Cells

  27. Acute Leukemia • Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia • Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

  28. granulocytosis: Abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood mononucleosis: An infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes Diseases of White Blood Cells

  29. multiple myeloma: Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow. Malignant cells destroy bone tissue and cause overproduction of immunoglobulins. Disease of Bone Marrow Cells

  30. Laboratory Blood Tests • antiglobulin test • bleeding time • coagulation time • complete blood count (CBC) • erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) • hematocrit (Hct) • hemoglobin test (H, Hg, HGB) • partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

  31. Laboratory Blood Tests (cont’d) • platelet count • prothrombin time (PT) • red blood cell count (RBC) • red blood cell morphology • white blood cell count (WBC) • white blood cell differential

  32. apheresis: Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select part from the blood blood transfusion: Whole blood or cells taken from a donor and infused into a patient bone marrow biopsy: Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle hematopoietic stem cell transplant: Peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor administered into a recipient’s vein Clinical Procedures

  33. COMBINING FORMS bas/o _________ chrom/o _________ Coagul/o _________ cyt/o _________ eosin/o _________ erythr/o _________ Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  34. COMBINING FORMS bas/o base chrom/o color coagul/o clotting cyt/o cell eosin/o red, dawn, rosy erythr/o red Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  35. COMBINING FORMS • granul/o _________ • hem/o _________ • hemat/o _________ • hemoglobin/o _________ • is/o _________ • kary/o _________ Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  36. COMBINING FORMS • granul/o granules • hem/o blood • hemat/o blood • hemoglobin/o hemoglobin • is/o same, equal • kary/o nucleus Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  37. COMBINING FORMS leuk/o _________ mon/o _________ morph/o _________ myel/o _________ neutr/o _________ nucle/o _________ Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  38. COMBINING FORMS leuk/o white mon/o one, single morph/o shape, form myel/o bone marrow neutr/o neutral nucle/o nucleus Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  39. COMBINING FORMS phag/o _______________ poikil/o _______________ sider/o _______________ spher/o _______________ thromb/o _______________ Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

  40. COMBINING FORMS phag/o eat, swallow poikil/o varied, irregular sider/o iron spher/o globe, round thromb/o clot Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

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