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Campaigns & Elections

Campaigns & Elections. Preview. Put the following steps in order in your notebook. Star any terms you do not understand. Form a campaign organization Run in primaries & caucuses Participate in televised debates Announce candidacy Conduct electoral vote Attend national convention

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Campaigns & Elections

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  1. Campaigns & Elections

  2. Preview Put the following steps in order in your notebook. Star any terms you do not understand. • Form a campaign organization • Run in primaries & caucuses • Participate in televised debates • Announce candidacy • Conduct electoral vote • Attend national convention • Raise funds • Hold popular vote • Build coalition of supporters • Develop campaign strategy

  3. Types of Elections • Special Election • An election in which voters choose someone to fill an unexpected vacancy of a House or Senate seat

  4. Primary Elections

  5. Primary Election Calendar, 2008

  6. Homework: Ch. 10.3 Begin reading at “Joining the Race,” and work with a partner to create a “to-do” list chart for a presidential candidate trying to secure his/her party’s nomination. See the model below. • Form exploratory committee • Join the race • Set up campaign organization • Raise funds • Develop campaign strategy • Campaign • Run in primaries and caucuses • Attend national convention

  7. Town Hall Meeting

  8. General Elections

  9. The “Winner-Take-All” System(The candidate with the most votes wins.) Reinforces two-party system (Democrat vs. Republican)

  10. What about third parties?

  11. Third Parties’ Impact • Focus on a single issue • Bring new ideas to the political discussion • Take votes away from major parties

  12. Presidential Elections

  13. The Electoral College • Method by which we elect the president • Each state has a certain number of electors = # of Senators (2) + # of Representatives • Candidate who wins the majority of the state’s popular vote gets ALL of that state’s electoral votes • Candidate must achieve a majority of the electoral college (270/538 votes) to win

  14. Presidential Election Results, 2008(By County)

  15. Preview

  16. Homework: Ch. 10.4 Read Ch. 10.4 up to “Issues Versus Image” • Define presidential & midterm elections. • Explain how John Kerry’s 2004 campaign illustrates the typical candidate’s change in strategy from the primary to the general election. • Explain the effects of our country’s “winner-take-all” system.

  17. The Election of 2000 And the winner is…

  18. What happened???

  19. The Electoral College Map, 2000

  20. It all came down to Florida.

  21. The Sequence of Events • 6 million people vote • Computer count: 327 vote margin for Bush • Gore demands recount by hand • Florida Secretary of State sets deadline • Florida Supreme Court extends deadline • U.S. Supreme Court halts recount • Result of recount: 537 vote margin for Bush • Bush wins ALL of Florida’s 25 electoral votes

  22. Green Party Candidate: Ralph Nader 97,488 votes in Florida

  23. Conspiracy Theories

  24. How can this happen? • Candidate can win by large margin in popular vote, but only needs 50% + 1. • Small states are over-represented in the electoral college

  25. How much does your vote count?

  26. Problems with Electoral College • Candidates focus only on “swing states,” so people are left out of the process. • Our votes are not actually equal! • More popular candidate nationally can lose the election!

  27. “Battleground” or “Swing” States

  28. Interest Groups & Lobbying

  29. What is an interest group? • A group that seeks to influence government to reach a particular goal or set of goals • Examples

  30. What do interest groups do? • Lobby – Attempt to influence policy process by persuading public officials to favor or oppose action on a specific issue • Research – Carry out research and write policy proposals that support their goals • Litigation – Bring lawsuits to influence policy (e.g. NAACP & Brown v. Board of Education) • Grassroots Mobilization – Hold rallies, conduct direct mail/Internet campaigns, etc.

  31. What is the artist’s point of view regarding the role of interest groups?

  32. Campaign Finance

  33. High Cost of Running for Office • 2000: More than $3 billion spent on election campaigns • Winning candidates spent… • $500,000 each for House of Representatives • $4.5 million each for Senate

  34. Library Activity: Interactive Map

  35. Political Action Committee • Private groups sponsored by corporations, trade associations, unions, or other interest groups • Allowed to collect donations & give money to political campaigns • How much do they contribute? • 1980: $131 million • 2004: $310 million

  36. Types of Organizations that Form PACS

  37. Campaign Contribution Limits

  38. Loopholes in Campaign Finance Laws • 527 Organizations – Non-profit organizations with no limits on spending (“soft money”) for voter registration & turnout activities • Issue Ads – Political ads funded and produced by interest groups • Cannot explicitly tell people to vote for a certain candidate.

  39. Corporate Contributions

  40. Issue Ad Example

  41. Issue Ad Example

  42. 527 Ad

  43. What is the artist’s point of view regarding campaign finance?

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