UMM AL-QURA UNIVERSITY

1. UMM AL-QURA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE Parasitology Department Practical CLASS NO. 3 DR. RAAFAT MOHAMED

2. Helminthis Revision Please : Turn off the microscope light after you finish Cover the microscope Lock the lab door Look at the board notes Take your skitches

3. helminthis • Trematodeالديدان الورقيه • Cestodeالديدان الشريطية • Nematode الديدان الاسطوانية

4. Trematode

5. Trematodes (Flukes) Blood flukes: Schistosoma sp. Lung flukes: Paragonimuswestermani L iverflukes: Fasciola hepatica Intestinal flukes: Fasciolopisibuski Heterophyesheterophyes

6. Trematode Lab slides ( 8 ) • FasciolaHepatica adult • Fasciolopisi Buski adult • Fasciolopisi Buski egg (similar to Fasciola hepatica egg ) • Heterophyesheterophyesadult • Schistosomasppcercaria • SchistosomaMansoni egg • Schistosoma Male & female in couplula • Paragonimuswetermani egg

7. Schistosoma spp. eggs S. japonicum egg: . Subterminal reduced spine . ~85 x 65 µm & rounder the smallest . found in the faeces . Laid in patches S. haematobium egg: . Terminal spine . ~140 x 60 µm . found in the urine . Laid in patches S. mansoniegg (the only one in the lab ): . Lateral spine . ~150 x 60 µm . found in the faeces . Laid singly

8. Schistosoma mansoni - ova

9. Schistosoma japonicum - ova

10. Schistosoma haematobium - ova

11. Forked tail Head Cercaria of Schistosomaspp

12. female Schistosoma MaleSchistosoma

13. S. Female • Cylindrical in shape • Thin anterior end , thick rounded posterior end • 2 suckers ( oral , ventral ) • ovary lies at the intestinal caeca junction , behind it the Vitelline glands ( Dark color ) , infront it the uterus ( light color) • S. hematobium: ovary lies at the junction of the middle & posterior third & the uterus is full of egg • S. mansoni : ovary lies at the junction of the anterior & middle third , uterus is small & ve few eggs • S. Japonicum: ovary lies at the middle of the worm , the uterus is full of eggs because the eggs are small

14. S. male • Shorter then the female • Anterior end is cylindrical with 2 suckers • Gynaecophoric canal in which the female is carried • The spp is recognized according to the shape & number of the testes at the level of the ventral sucker. • S. hematobium: testes are large , in row , ( 4 – 5 ) • S. Mansoni: testes are in clustered • S. japonicum : testes are small , in row , ( 7 – 9 )

16. Schistosoma male & female in copula

17. Fasciolahepatica adult(liver fluke) . Size: up to 3 cm. . Shape: elliptical body and leaf-like, flttened dosoventrally . 2 sholders . Prominent anterior cone. . Oral & ventral suckers are equal . . Oral opening, pharynx , esophguse, 2 intistinal cecum . . Borders are converging towards the posterior end. . Testes and ovary are branched ( hermaphrodite ). Adult stained specimen

18. * Fasciolopisibuski adult -absence of cephalic cone -no sholders - Larger than F. Hepatica -vent. Sucker is much larger than oral one & similar to the ( BASKIT ) -un-branched intestinal ceca -hermaphordatie -branched testes ovary tests

19. Operculum Fasciola hepatica egg = FasciolopisibuskiEgg Examples of F. Hepatica eggs

20. Heterophyesheterophyes adult(Intestinal fluke) OS VS GS Uterus Full of eggs T T Adult worm

21. Paragonimuswestermani egg (pulmonary fluke) P. westermani egg

22. Identify Specific Trematodes • Fasciolopsis buski • Fasciola hepatica • Clonorchis sinensis • Paragonimus westermani • Schistosoma mansoni • Schistosoma japonicum • Schistosoma haematobium

23. Size Comparison

24. Who am I?

25. Trematode Lab slides ( 8 ) • FasciolaHepatica adult • Fasciolopisi Buski adult • Fasciolopisi Buski egg (similar to Fasciola hepatica egg ) • Heterophyesheterophyesadult • Schistosomasppcercaria • SchistosomaMansoni egg • Schistosoma Male & female in couplula • Paragonimuswetermani egg

26. Cestode

27. Cestode Lab slides ( 9 ) • Hymenolepis nana ( egg ) • DiphyllobothriumLatum ( mature ) • Taeniaspp mature segment • Taeniaspp egg • Taenia ?? Gravid segment ( count the branches from the main stem ) • TaeniaSoulium ( scolex ) • Cysticercouse cellulose of T. Soulium • Echinococcusgranulosus ( adult ) • Hydatid cyst

28. Genaral Morphology:- • 1- Flattened, ribbon-shaped and segmented. • 2- Vary in size (few mms to several meters). • 3- Covered with protective cuticle. • 4-Hermaphrodite, each segment contains male and female organs • 5- Formed of: • a) Scolex with organs of fixation e.g. suckers, hooks. • b) Neck which the region of active division ( the worm die without it ) • c) Strobila / segments /proglottids : 3 types: ( immature , mature sexually active , gravid full of eggs) • 6- No digestive system : feed by diffusion via the skin

29. Calcification of Cestodes I- Order Pseudophyllidea(cestodes with false suckers): *Diphyllobothrium latum II-Order Cyclophillidea (cestodes with true suckers): a)Intestinal cestodes: * Taenia saginata * Taenia solium * Hymenolepis nana * Hymenolepis diminuta b) Extra-Intestinal cestodes (tissue cestodes) all are larval stage : * Cysticercus cellulosae of Taeina solium * Hydatid cyst of Echinococcus spp. *Coenurus cyst of Multicepsmulticeps *Sparaganum (plerocercoid)

30. Mature segments of D. latum ( rositte shape uteruse ) Testes folliciles Rossitte shape uterus ovary

31. Diphyllobothrium latum

32. Mature segment of Taeniaspp uterus testes Genital pore Open to right & left alternativelly vitellaria Bilobed ovary Excretory tube

33. Taenia saginata

34. Taenia solium

35. Gravid segment of T. saginata About 25X5mm in size; with a large number of uterine branches ranging between 15-30 (average 18) There is atrophy pressure to all other organs except the uteruse Count the branches from the main stem of the uteruse

36. Gravid segment of T. solium Resemble that of T. saginata but the No. of lateral uterine branches < 7-12 (average 9)

37. Taenia Solium Scolex The head is spherical with 4 suckers & a rostellum wich has a double circles of alternating large & small hooks Rostellum with 2 circles of hooks ( harmful spreads by porks )

38. Taenia solium Cysticercus celluloase( egg>ingested accidently by man>penetrate the S.I wall & bl > larva formed in its ms> human Cysticercosis )cyst contain scolex which develop to adult if went to the habitat = S.I

39. Taenia spp egg • spherical • Yellowish or greenish brown. • have a thick double wall with radial striations مثل كفر السيارة • 30-45 µm in diameter • contains a hexacanth embryo • The same morphology in T . Solium & saginata • تشبه ECCHINOCOCCUSE EGG بلامتحان يكتب اسم الاثنين

40. H. nana egg polar thickenings thread like filaments Inner memberane Outer memberane hexacanth embryo • *30-50µm in diameter • * light yellow in colour or translucent • *ellipsoidal with thin shell • inner membrane has 2 polar thickenings • from each arise 4-8 filaments • *contains a hexacanth embryo

41. H. nanaegg

42. Echinococcusgranulosus adult (D.H =dogs by eating the larva infected sheep ) never infect the human

43. Echinococcusgranulosus eggتشبه ECCHINOCOCCUSE EGG بلامتحان يكتب اسم الاثنين

44. Hydatid Cyst- human is a dead I.H by eating the egg contaminated food by cattelesfeces OR by contact with dogs skin which contaminated by the eggs- commonest site>liver( rt lobe , cz its the 1stpalcereciving blood from the GIT>lung>brain>kidney>heart

45. Echinococcus granulosus Ova Hydatid Cyst

46. Identify Specific Cestodes • Taenia species • Hymenolepis diminuta • Hymenolepis nana • Diphyllobothrium latum • Echinococcus granulosus

47. Hymenolepis diminuta - ova

48. Size Comparison

49. Size Comparison

50. Who am I?