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What can we see in the night sky?

What can we see in the night sky?. Stars large spheres of incandescent (glowing) gas Energy comes from nuclear fusion H + H → He + energy (e=mc 2 ) E.g. Polaris, Sun, Betelgeuse, Procyon , Regulus. Constellations Regions of space 88 regions E.g. Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Pegasus

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What can we see in the night sky?

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  1. What can we see in the night sky?

  2. Stars • large spheres of incandescent (glowing) gas • Energy comes from nuclear fusion • H + H → He + energy (e=mc2) • E.g. Polaris, Sun, Betelgeuse, Procyon, Regulus

  3. Constellations • Regions of space • 88 regions • E.g. Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Pegasus • Gemini, Leo, Capricornus, Scorpius

  4. Asterism • Aster = star • Group of stars that make a pattern • Big Dipper, Little Dipper, Great Square, Orion’s Belt, Summer Triangle

  5. Galaxy • Cluster of billions of stars • Milky Way- our galaxy • Andromeda Galaxy (M31)

  6. Spiral Galaxy NGC 4414 -

  7. Nebula • Cloud of gas and dust in space • M42: Great Nebula in Orion (nursery for stars) • Eagle Nebula

  8. Eagle Nebula (M16) • These eerie, dark pillar-like structures are actually columns of cool interstellar hydrogen gas and dust that are also incubators for new stars. They are part of the "Eagle Nebula", a nearby star-forming region 7,000 light-years away in the constellation Serpens. • The picture was taken on April 1, 1995 with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2. • Dr. Jeff J. Hester, Dr. Paul A. Scowen, Arizona State University, STScI/AURA, NASA (1995)

  9. North American Nebula(NGC 7000)

  10. In Cygnus close to Deneb • Emission nebula • Discovered in 1700s by William Herschel • 50 ly across • About 1500 ly away

  11. Horsehead Nebula (Barnard 33) • In Orion • Dark nebula • 1500 ly away • 3.5 ly across • Discovered 1888

  12. Ring Nebula (M57) • In Lyra • Planetary nebula • 2000-2500 ly away

  13. Forms when star blows off gas- white dwarf star left behind

  14. Crab Nebula (M1, NGC 1952) • In Taurus • Remnant of supernova observed by Chinese in 1054 • Hubble Space Telescope image of the Crab Nebula. High-energy particles accelerated by the Crab pulsar, a neutron star spinning with a period of 33 ms at the center of the remnant, cause the bluish glow of the interior. The outer filaments are the tattered remains of the star and consist mostly of hydrogen. http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~thj/popular/Crab_Nebula.jpg

  15. Planets • Bodies that revolve around the Sun • Have enough gravity to make themselves round • Cleared debris out of the region in their orbit

  16. Eight planets • Mercury • Venus • Earth • Mars • Jupiter • Saturn • Uranus • Neptune

  17. Could there be more planets that we cannot see?

  18. Dwarf Planets • Far from the Sun • Have debris in their orbits • ‘Kuiper Belt objects’ • Examples: Pluto & Eris

  19. Comets • Orbit the Sun in eccentric paths • ‘dirty snowballs’ • E.g. Halley (1910, 1986, 2061)

  20. Asteroids • Large chunks of rock • Live between Mars and Jupiter • Largest: Ceres

  21. Moons • Satellites of a planet • (the planet is the ‘primary’- it goes around the Sun)

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