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Endocrine Pathology

Endocrine Pathology. Overview – Pathologies. Diabetes Mellitus – Separate Lecture Disorders of the Pituitary Gland Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Disorders of the Adrenals Thermoregulation and Environmental Conditions Metabolic Disorders. Introduction – Endocrine System.

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Endocrine Pathology

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  1. Endocrine Pathology

  2. Overview – Pathologies • Diabetes Mellitus – Separate Lecture • Disorders of the Pituitary Gland • Disorders of the Thyroid & Parathyroid • Disorders of the Adrenals • Thermoregulation and Environmental Conditions • Metabolic Disorders

  3. Introduction – Endocrine System • Maintain equilibrium • Regulate functions of organ systems, through hormones • Reproductive • Growth & Development • Defense against stressors • Blood Glucose levels • Core body Temp • Water & electrolyte balance • Metabolism

  4. Anatomy

  5. Anatomy

  6. Glands • Hypothalamus- • Pituitary Gland- • Thyroid- • Parathyroid- • Adrenal Glands- • Pancreas- • Ovaries/Testes-

  7. Body Function Regulation • Body Energy • Body Temperature • Body Fluid • Hormone response to Exercise

  8. Common Signs & Symptoms • Skin changes • Diaphoresis – hyperhydrosis • Body or Breath Odor • Polydipsia or Polyuria • Arthralgia & Myalgia • Muscle Atropy & weakness • Amenorrhea & Impotence • Mental Status changes • Paresthesia • Edema • Polyphagia • Orthostatic Hypotension • Lethargy/Fatigue • Pain Patterns

  9. Disorders of the Pituitary Gland • Diabetes Insipidus • Acromegaly

  10. Disorders of the Thyroid • Hyperthyroidism • Grave’s Disease

  11. Disorders of the Thyroid • Hypothyroidism

  12. Disorders of the Adrenals • Addison’s Disease • Cushing’s Syndrome

  13. Thermoregulation/Environmental • Heat Cramps • Heat Syncope • Heat Exhaustion • Heat Stroke • Exertional Hyponatremia • Frostbite • Hypothermia • Altitude Sickness

  14. Metabolic Disorders • Gout • Metabolic Bone Disease • Osteoporosis • Paget Disease

  15. The Tired Athlete • Psychological Profile of Athletes – Separate Lecture • Endocrine Disorders • Infections • Anemia • Iron Deficiency Anemia • Dilutional Pseudo-Anemia

  16. I’m Still Tired • Infections: • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4.

  17. Still Tired • Anemia • Fatigue usually c exertion • Lack of RBC • Most commonly iron-deficiency • Reduction of red cell mass or blood hemoglobin concentration

  18. Classification of Anemia • 1. Cell Proliferation • A. • B. • 2. Maturation • 3. Destruction

  19. Ineffective Erythropoiesis • Iron deficiency • Vitamin B12 deficiency • Folic acid deficiency

  20. Anemia • Think about elevation • S/S: • At Risk Population:

  21. Laboratory Finding • Hct (%) • women 36-48 men 40-52 • Hb (g/dl) Normal is 12-16 • Anemic when < 12 g/dl • MCV Normal is 80-100 • 60-70 = Micro 100+ = Macro • RBC count • women 4.0-5.4 men 4.5-6.0 • Anemia = small RBC c low ferritin

  22. Iron Deficiency Anemia - Treatment • 3-6 mg per kg of body weight of elemental iron • Better with vitamin C on an empty stomach • Frequent monitoring

  23. Iron Deficiency in Patients • Other causes: Chronic Blood Loss

  24. Sports Anemia • Dilutional pseudoanemia • Will not respond to tx • Normal MCV & ferritin • No affect of performance

  25. How to Assess Patients • HISTORY, HISTORY, HISTORY • Cover all organ systems • Physical Exam – General Affect • Labs

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