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Chapter 20

Chapter 20. African Americans at Mid-Century. C20.2 North and South, Slave and Free . slaves were property, no rights most slaves did farm work city slaves in factories, mills, workshops free blacks in South were controlled - no travel, no guns - denied most jobs

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Chapter 20

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  1. Chapter 20 African Americans at Mid-Century

  2. C20.2 North and South, Slave and Free • slaves were property, no rights • most slaves did farm work • city slaves in factories, mills, workshops • free blacks in South were controlled - no travel, no guns - denied most jobs • free blacks in North faced discrimination, segregation • built own churches, schools, businesses

  3. C20.3 The Economics of Slavery • cotton gin made cotton profitable • cotton made South 4th richest place in world • wanted slaves so more profit • demand and price of slaves rose • slaveholders unwilling to end the system • non-slaveholders supported it; dreamed of getting rich, too

  4. C20.4 Working Conditions of Slaves • small farms: slaves & owners work together • plantations: overseer supervise slaves • field hands worked dawn to dark • chores after dark • other slaves: seamstresses, carpenters, blacksmiths, cooks, servants • from age 6 to death

  5. C20.5 Living Conditions of Slaves • crowded, one room cabins • dirt floors • little or no furniture • most had enough food - kept gardens, hunted • clothes were of course linen (2 outfits per year) • one pair of shoes per year • received some medical care

  6. C20.6 Controlling Slaves • some punished harshly - beat, whipped, branded • others made slaves feel dependent like children • slavebreakersused violence, fear, overwork to make slaves obey • most owners tried to avoid beatings

  7. C20.7 Resistance to Slavery • damage tools • work sloppily • steal food from master • pretend to be dumb, ill, insane • poison master • set master’s house on fire • refuse to work • fight back • run away • rebellion (Denmark Vesey, Nat Turner)

  8. C20.8 Slave Families and Communities • legally no slave families • slaves couldn’t marry • slaves made families anyway • children belonged to owners • families often sold apart • parents taught children survival lessons • taught respect for elders

  9. C20.9 Leisure Time Activities • slaves had free time Sat. night and Sunday • corn-husking parties • pea-shelling parties • quilting bees • danced • made music out of almost anything • Sunday was for religion & recreation • activities helped them forget slavery

  10. C20.10 Slave Churches • white ministers told slaves to obey masters • slaves created “invisible churches” • met in secret • preached about Moses setting people free • sang spirituals • helped them endure their suffering

  11. C20.11 African American Culture • slaves mixed African traditions with American ideas • Examples: • quilts • songs • dances • legends • folktales

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