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African Gender Roles

African Gender Roles. Very diverse Different for elites and ordinary people Varies by types of society and civilization Varies within the triple heritage. Gender Inequalities. Indigenous Precolonial European Influence Post Independence. Precolonial. Political Actors: formal and informal

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African Gender Roles

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  1. African Gender Roles • Very diverse • Different for elites and ordinary people • Varies by types of society and civilization • Varies within the triple heritage

  2. Gender Inequalities • Indigenous • Precolonial • European Influence • Post Independence

  3. Precolonial • Political Actors: formal and informal • Chiefs, Queen Mothers, Heads of Villages • Ritual Roles: shaman, diviners, spirit mediums

  4. Pre-Colonial • Producers of food • raised livestock, made tools • cooked, constructed residences, sold surplus • Marketers

  5. Colonial Legacy • Loss of autonomy for women • warfare, slavery, disease • With taxation, men needed to produce the cash crops • Women not helped with food crops

  6. European imposed their prejudices about men’s authority over women • Men got the commercial opportunities • Men received the education and jobs • Women lost land rights, • best lands went to men for cash crops • Women had burden of domestic work

  7. Europeans did not want women in towns • Many restrictions on the movements of women and kids • Prostitution in towns

  8. Post Independence • Men’s advantage maintained and male dominance enhanced • Women encouraged to pursue domesticity

  9. High number of female headed households • Malawi 33% • Kenya 40% • Lesotho 66% • Often are impoverished

  10. Urban women • Formal sector: Jobs as nurses, teachers, clerks, secretaries • Informal sector: Market vendors, beer brewers, prostitutes

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