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Flavor Mixing, Neutrino Masses, and Neutrino Oscillations

Flavor Mixing, Neutrino Masses, and Neutrino Oscillations. H. Fritzsch CERN. Standard Model. 28 fundamental constants. 4. G. 14. G. 28. G. (22 related to fermion masses). Masses of W-Bosons:. ? Higgs Mechanism ?. Mass and Symmetry Breaking. Brout-Englert, Higgs, Kibble.

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Flavor Mixing, Neutrino Masses, and Neutrino Oscillations

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  1. Flavor Mixing, Neutrino Masses, and Neutrino Oscillations H. Fritzsch CERN

  2. Standard Model 28 fundamental constants

  3. 4 G

  4. 14 G

  5. 28 G (22 related to fermion masses)

  6. Masses of W-Bosons: ? Higgs Mechanism ?

  7. Mass and Symmetry Breaking Brout-Englert, Higgs, Kibble... Higgs particle Fermi constant

  8. Fermion Masses: Arbitrary R 246 GeV g L

  9. Masses: Charged leptons and quarks: (MeV) tau: 1 777 muon: 105.7 electron: 0.51 - t: 174 000 c: 1 100 u: 5.3 ? b: 4 500 s: 170 d: 7.8 (quark masses at 1 GeV)

  10. Quark Masses: • Observed: m(c) : m(t) = m(u):m(c) 1/207 1/207 m(s):m(b) = m(d):m(s) 1/23 1/23

  11. ln m b c s d ? u

  12. ln m b c s d ? u

  13. ln m t b c s d ? u predicting t-mass (1987)

  14. ln m tau mu e? e

  15. - - III 2 families flavor mixing II I

  16. Mass Matrices u,c - d,s Fritzsch, Weinberg

  17. texture zero: Reflection symmetries (~parity) ===> Grand Unification

  18. Relations between masses and mixing angles Quarks: Cabibbo angle: Exp.: angle 90 degrees ( symmetry ! )

  19. Cabibbo angle ====> data require rectangular triangle

  20. 0.0506 0.0452 + 0.0053 = 0.0505 Origin: both for up-type and down type quarks

  21. - 3 families III flavor mixing II I

  22. Mixing for three families unitary 3x3 matrix (CKM) Three angles + 1 phase

  23. Theory: 3 texture zeros agrees well with experiment F., Z. Z. Xing

  24. Flavor-Symmetries, Flavor-Mixing, Neutrino Masses and Neutrino Mixing H. Fritzsch LMU / MPI Munich (rectangular triangle)

  25. Cabibbo angle ====> Unitarity triangle data require rectangular triangle

  26. - - - 0 0 alpha: 86 ... 95

  27. Neutrinos Thus far neutrinos have been used as tools, like electrons, to study nuclear matter (quark distributions etc.) New focus now: What type of mass? How big or small are masses? How big are the mixing angles? Relations among angles and masses?

  28. Kamiokande, SNO

  29. Kamioka Ewigkeit ist lang, speziell gegen dem Ende zu. W.A. neutrinos from upper atmosphere

  30. SNO Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Canada

  31. Neutrino masses:A: masses about 1 eV m(1) = 0.94 eV m(2) = 0.95 eV m(3) = 1 eV (nearly degenerate)

  32. Neutrino masses: B: masses much smaller than 1 eV m(1) = 0 eV m(2) = 0.009 eV m(3) = 0.06 eV (strong hierarchy)

  33. Neutrino masses: C: neither hierarchy nor degeneracy m(1) = 0.10 eV m(2) = 0.14 eV m(3) = 0.29 eV

  34. See-saw mechanism: m: Dirac mass M: Majorana mass ==>

  35. Ex.: tau-neutrino mass at about 1 eV: new intermediate energy scale M

  36. Grand Unification SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1)<<SU(5) (Glashow, Georgi - 1974) Now excluded by experiment.

  37. SU(5) theory with supersymmetry ok

  38. without supersymmetry SU(5) with supersymmetry ======energy======

  39. SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) <<SO(10) ( Fritzsch, Minkowski - 1975 )

  40. In SO(10): lefthanded and righthanded neutrinos Electroweak theory:SU(2) x SU(2) x U(1)U(1): (B-L) L R

  41. In SO(10): lefthanded and righthanded neutrinos Electroweak theory:SU(2) x SU(2) x U(1)U(1): (B-L) L R New energy scale for righthanded SU(2) ( related to neutrino masses? )

  42. SO(10) Fermions in 16-plet (incl. righthanded neutrinos)

  43. SO(10) leptons and quarks in one multiplet O(10) Neutrinos are massive

  44. 1/coupling constant Grand Unification ======energy ======= =================

  45. Neutrino Masses: Mass terms for charged leptons and neutrinos are not parallel  Neutrino Mixing ( Pontecorvo ... ==>)

  46. like the quarks

  47. Neutrino Mixing Matrix: (like CKM Matrix)

  48. Neutrino mixing V=UxP (not measured)

  49. Kamiokande, SNO Mean values:

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