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The Canadian Ministry (in order of precedence), December 2005

The Right Honourable Paul Martin, Prime Minister The Honourable Jacob Austin Leader of the Government in the Senate The Honourable David Anderson, Environment The Honourable Ralph E. Goodale, Finance The Honourable Anne McLellan, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Public Safety

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The Canadian Ministry (in order of precedence), December 2005

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  1. The Right Honourable Paul Martin, Prime Minister The Honourable Jacob Austin Leader of the Government in the Senate The Honourable David Anderson, Environment The Honourable Ralph E. Goodale, Finance The Honourable Anne McLellan, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Public Safety The Honourable Lucienne Robillard, Industry The Honourable Pierre S. Pettigrew, Health, Intergovernmental Affairs, and Official Languages The Honourable James Scott Peterson, Trade The Honourable Andrew Mitchell, Indian Affairs The Honourable Claudette Bradshaw, Labour and Minister responsible for Homelessness The Honourable Denis Coderre President of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada The Honourable Rey D. Pagtakhan, Western Economic Diversification The Honourable John McCallum, Veterans Affairs The Honourable Stephen Owen, Public Works and Government Services The Honourable William Graham, Foreign Affairs The Honourable Stan Kazmierczak Keyes, National Revenue The Honourable Robert Speller, Agriculture The Honourable Giuseppe (Joseph) Volpe, Human Resources and Skills Development The Honourable Reginald B. Alcock President of the Treasury Board and Minister responsible for the Canadian Wheat Board The Honourable Geoff Regan, Fisheries and Oceans The Honourable Tony Valeri, Transport The Honourable David Pratt, National Defence The Honourable Jacques Saada, Democratic Reform The Honourable Irwin Cotler, Justice The Honourable Judy Sgro, Citizenship and Immigration The Honourable Hélène Chalifour Scherrer, Canadian Heritage The Honourable Ruben John Efford, Natural Resources The Honourable Liza Frulla, Social Development The Honourable Joseph McGuire Minister of Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency The Honourable Mauril Bélanger Deputy Leader of the Government in the House of Commons The Honourable M. Aileen Carroll, International Cooperation The Canadian Ministry (in order of precedence), December 2005

  2. The Right Honourable Stephen Harper, Prime Minister The Honourable Majority LeBreton Leader of the Government in the Senate The Honourable Rona Ambrose, Environment The Honourable Jim Flaherty, Finance The Honourable Stockwell Day, Public Safety The Honourable Maxime Bernier, Industry The Honourable Tony Clement, Health The Honourable David Emerson, Trade The Honourable Jim Prentice, Indian Affairs The Honourable Jean-Pierre Blackburn, Labour and Housing The Honourable Michael Chong President of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada The Honourable Carole Skelton, Western Economic Diversification The Honourable Gregory Thompson, Veterans Affairs The Honourable Michael Fortier, Public Works and Government Services The Honourable Peter Mackay, Foreign Affairs The Honourable Chuck Strahl, Agriculture The Honourable Diane Finley, Human Resources and Social Development The Honourable John Baird President of the Treasury Board The Honourable Loyola Hearn, Fisheries and Oceans The Honourable Lawrence Cannon, Transport The Honourable Gordon O’Connor, National Defence The Honourable Vic Toews, Justice The Honourable Monte Solberg, Citizenship and Immigration The Honourable Bev Oda, Canadian Heritage The Honourable Gary Lunn, Resources The Honourable Rob Nicholson Deputy Leader of the Government in the House of Commons The Honourable Josee Verner , International Cooperation The Canadian Ministry (in order of precedence), February 2006

  3. The Political-Bureaucratic Interface Across the System Centralized and Diffuse Accountability Across Government (Cont’d) February 7th, 2006

  4. The Centripetal Tendencies • top-down responsiveness • coherence • centralized political accountability • collective cabinet responsibility • political control (vs. impartiality)

  5. Centripetal Organizational Responses • agents of central political control • PM and Prime Minister’s Office • Cabinet • Treasury Board • Minister of Finance

  6. The Centre – The Political/Bureaucratic Interfaces • PM/Cabinet and PCO • Clerk of the Privy Council

  7. The Centre – The Political/Bureaucratic Interfaces • PM/Cabinet and PCO • Clerk of the Privy Council

  8. The Centre – The Political/Bureaucratic Interfaces • PM/Cabinet and PCO • Clerk of the Privy Council • political-bureaucratic interface in other central agencies • Minister of Finance and Department of Finance • President of the Treasury Board (cabinet committee) and the Treasury Board Secretariat

  9. The Political-Bureaucratic System Prime Minister, PMO, Min. Fin., TBP Political Level Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS Bureaucratic Level

  10. The Political-Bureaucratic System Political Level Bureaucratic Level

  11. Channels of Central Political Control • outward at political level (then downward to bureaucratic level)

  12. Channels of Central Political Control Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP Ministers Deputy Ministers

  13. Channels of Central Political Control • outward at political level (then downward to bureaucratic level) • downward from political to bureaucratic level (then outward at bureaucratic level)

  14. Channels of Central Political Control Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS Deputy Ministers

  15. Channels of Central Political Control • outward at political level (then downward to bureaucratic level) • downward from political to bureaucratic level (then outward at bureaucratic level) • downward and outward from political level to bureaucratic level

  16. Channels of Central Political Control Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP Deputy Ministers

  17. Channels of Central Political Control • outward at political level (then downward to bureaucratic level) • downward from political to bureaucratic level (then outward at bureaucratic level) • downward and outward from political level to bureaucratic level

  18. Channels of Central Political Control Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP Ministers Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS Deputy Ministers

  19. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence • DM influence over Ministers • from Minister through Cabinet to PM

  20. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP Ministers Deputy Ministers

  21. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence • DM influence over Ministers • from Minister to Cabinet • PCO influence over PM/Min. Finance/Treasury Board

  22. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence • DM influence over Ministers • from Minister to Cabinet • PCO influence over PM/Min. Finance/Treasury Board • from PM/Min. Fin./Treasury Board to Ministers

  23. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP Ministers Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS

  24. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence • DM influence over Ministers • from Minister to Cabinet • PCO influence over PM/Min. Finance/Treasury Board • from PM/Min. Fin./Treasury Board to Ministers • PCO influence over DM’s

  25. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence • DM influence over Ministers • from Minister to Cabinet • PCO influence over PM/Min. Finance/Treasury Board • from PM/Min. Fin./Treasury Board to Ministers • PCO influence over DM’s -DM influence over ministers

  26. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence Ministers Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS Deputy Ministers

  27. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence • DM influence over Ministers • from Minister to Cabinet • PCO influence over PM/Min. Finance/Treasury Board • from PM/Min. Fin./Treasury Board to Ministers • PCO influence over DM’s -DM influence over ministers

  28. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP Ministers Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS Deputy Ministers

  29. Channels of Central Political Control Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP Ministers Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS Deputy Ministers

  30. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP Ministers Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS Deputy Ministers

  31. The Political-Bureaucratic System Political Level Bureaucratic Level

  32. Implications of the Organizational Structure • various agencies (departments, agencies) which have radically different organizational purposes • line departments -- provide services/programs • central agencies – coordinate line departments • potential for conflict inherent in structure • central agency mandate for horizontal coordination reinforces centripetal tendencies • line department resistance reinforces centrifugal tendencies • these tendencies become institutionalized • even if the circumstances/concerns which give rise to these tendencies fade, the tendencies may persist

  33. Implications of the Organizational Structure • centrifugal forces and centripetal forces exist at both bureaucratic and political levels • creates complex mix of incentives for various actors • creates potential for cross-level coalitions/alliances • contrasts with bureaucratic vs. political dichotomy

  34. Implications of the Organizational Structure • political-bureaucratic interfaces exist at numerous sites • PM/PMO and PCO • central agency ministers and central agencies • PM and DMs • line departments ministers and DMs

  35. Implications of the Organizational Structure • political-bureaucratic interfaces exist at numerous sites • creates potential for complex strategies of political control or bureaucratic influence

  36. Implications of the Organizational Structure • political-bureaucratic interfaces exist at numerous sites • creates potential for complex strategies of political control or bureaucratic influence • blockage of one line (political control or bureaucratic influence) does not mean that control/influence not exercised

  37. Implications of the Organizational Structure • political-bureaucratic interfaces exist at numerous sites • creates potential for complex strategies of political control or bureaucratic influence • blockage of one line (political control or bureaucratic influence) does not mean that control/influence not exercised • more simplistic model highlighted democratic questions; reality is more complex

  38. Implications of the Organizational Structure • political-bureaucratic interfaces exist at numerous sites • creates potential for complex strategies of political control or bureaucratic influence • blockage of one line (political control or bureaucratic influence) does not mean that control/influence not exercised • more simplistic model highlighted democratic questions; reality is more complex • whether elected officials or public service officials dominate

  39. Implications of the Organizational Structure • political-bureaucratic interfaces exist at numerous sites • creates potential for complex strategies of political control or bureaucratic influence • blockage of one line (political control or bureaucratic influence) does not mean that control/influence not exercised • more simplistic model highlighted democratic questions; reality is more complex • whether elected officials or public service officials dominate • whether the departments dominate or The Centre dominates

  40. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence Ministers Deputy Ministers

  41. The Political-Bureaucratic System Political Level Bureaucratic Level

  42. Channels of Central Political Control Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP Ministers Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS Deputy Ministers

  43. Channels of Bureaucratic Influence Prime Minister, PMO, Min.Finance, TBP Ministers Clerk of the Privy Council, PCO, TBS Deputy Ministers

  44. The Political-Bureaucratic System Political Level Bureaucratic Level

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