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Evolution of U.S. Foreign Policy: From Isolationism to Global Engagement

This article examines the transformation of U.S. foreign policy, notably under Secretary of State Wilson, as it shifted from isolationism during WWII to proactive global engagement. It explores how agencies like the CIA and Defense Department, alongside the influence of public opinion and elite perspectives, shaped foreign policy decisions. The piece discusses the impact of events such as Pearl Harbor and the Vietnam War and highlights the divided worldviews that define contemporary foreign policy challenges. It also addresses the complexities of rallying public support for military action in an evolving global landscape.

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Evolution of U.S. Foreign Policy: From Isolationism to Global Engagement

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Making Foreign Policy Wilson 20 B

  2. Secretary of State • President • Many agencies • CIA • Defense • FBI • DEA • Embassies • Rivalries • NSC • POTUS • VP • State • Defense • CIA • Joint Chiefs • Kissinger • Poindexter/North Machinery

  3. Shift from isolation during WWII • Universally popular • Great success • Defeated evil – Nazis • Avenged homeland – Pearl Harbor • Became world power • Polls heavily influenced by questions, phrasing, leaders, and events • See table 20.1 on page 540 Public Opinion

  4. Tend to rally around the flag • More important than domestic policy • Fallacy about distaste when soldiers die • Change support to desire of victory • Presidents don’t start wars to boost popularity • General public not informed in foreign affairs • Aught to support troops once they are there • Elites better informed, more internationalist • Opinion changes more rapidly, more liberal Backing the President

  5. Greater influence in foreign policy • Deeply divided worldviews • Shaped by the mistakes of previous generations • Isolationism – withdraw from world affairs • Containment – resist expansion of aggressive nations • Disengagement – burned by Vietnam • 3 ways of interpreting on page 544 • Human Rights – improve lives of people elsewhere • Not consistently applied • New 9/11 reality of terror • Go it alone or build coalition • Pre-emptive action? Cleavages Among Elites

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