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Understanding True, Grid, and Magnetic North for Basic Navigation

This guide explores the three types of north—True North, Grid North, and Magnetic North—essential for navigation using maps and compasses. True North refers to the geographical poles, while Grid North aligns all Ordnance Survey Maps. Magnetic North, approximately 5º West of Grid North in the UK, is the direction a compass indicates. Recognizing the relationship between these types of north is crucial for accurate navigation, especially when converting bearings from a map, accounting for the Magnetic Variation.

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Understanding True, Grid, and Magnetic North for Basic Navigation

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  1. Uncontrolled copy not subject to amendment Basic Navigation Using Map and Compass

  2. Basic Navigation Using Map and Compass Learning Outcome 2: Know the different types of north

  3. True / Grid / Magnetic North • True Northand South are at the geographical poles. • Grid Northis the direction to which all Ordnance Survey Maps are oriented. We take our map bearings using Grid North. • Magnetic Northis the direction a compass points to and in the UK it is located approximately 5º West of Grid North.

  4. Magnetic Variation • It is important to understand the relationship between Grid & Mag north as this will become important when we start to convert bearings to and from a map. True North Grid North Magnetic North 4º

  5. Magnetic Variation • The difference in degrees between Magnetic (Mag)North and Grid North is referred to as the Magnetic Variation (usually 5º West in UK.) True North Grid North Magnetic North 5º

  6. Magnetic North The 3 North Poles as shown on an OS map

  7. Magnetic North

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