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AIM :. How are humans adapted for gas exchange?. HOMEWORK: CASTLE LEARNING RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (due fri. ) TEXTBOOK PGS. 594 Q’S 1-5 p.606 1-2. Human Respiratory system. Do Now: Write a brief description that explain how this cartoon relates to respiration.

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  1. AIM: How are humans adapted for gas exchange? HOMEWORK: CASTLE LEARNING RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (due fri.) TEXTBOOK PGS. 594 Q’S 1-5 p.606 1-2

  2. Human Respiratory system

  3. Do Now:Write a brief description that explain how this cartoon relates to respiration.

  4. Function of the respiratory system Gas Exchange

  5. Gas exchange Exchange of respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between an organism and the environment

  6. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion

  7. External respiration The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and respiratory organs such as gills or lungs. Internal respiration The metabolic process by which living cells absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide

  8. Which substance is needed for aerobic cellular respiration to occur? • oxygen • carbon dioxide • nitrogen • methane

  9. SUMMARY • DEFINE Gas exchange • EXPLAIN the difference between internal and external respiration

  10. Human Respiratory system

  11. Aim: How do the structures of the respiratory system assist in the breathing process? DO NOW: Which statement best describes the human respiratory system? • It is composed of a network of moist passageways that permit air to flow from the external environment to the lungs. • Each cell of the human body is in direct contact with the external environment, and gas exchange occurs by diffusion • The external body surface is kept moist to allow for gas exchange. • Gases diffuse across membranes on both the external and internal surfaces of the body. HOMEWORK: CASTLE LEARNING “ Respiration”

  12. Path of air through the respiratory system • Nose • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • Bronchioles • Alveoli List does not represent all repsiratory system organs

  13. Respiratory surfaces • Surface through which gases diffuse • 4 characteristics: • Thin • Moist • In contact with source of oxygen • In contact with a transport system Gills of dogfish shark

  14. Nose

  15. Contains nostrils: opening to the nasal passages nasal passages: lined with a mucus membrane with cilia

  16. Pharynx

  17. Throat • Cavity in back of mouth • Contains the epiglottis

  18. Epiglottis

  19. Epiglottis • Flap of elastic cartilage tissue • Covers trachea when swallowing food or liquids to prevent from choking

  20. Larynx

  21. Voice box • Upper part of the windpipe containing sound producing vocal cords Larynx

  22. Trachea

  23. Windpipe • Supported by rings of cartilage • Lined with ciliated mucous membrane • Branches into 2 Bronchi

  24. Bronchi

  25. BRONCHI

  26. Two main branches of trachea which enter lungs • Lined with cartilage and ciliated • Branch into smaller BRONCHIOLES BRONCHI

  27. SUMMARY The human trachea is a passageway that remains open due to the presence of • bones • ligaments • skeletal muscles • cartilaginous rings

  28. Choking on food is most likely caused by an interference with the proper functioning of the • diaphragm • nasal cavity • bronchial tubes • epiglottis

  29. Aim: How do the structures of the respiratory system assist in the breathing process? “Day 2” Do Now: The human trachea is a passageway that remains open due to the presence of • bones • ligaments • skeletal muscles • cartilaginous rings Deposits from cigarette smoke are most likely to interfere with the ciliated mucous membranes located in both the • trachea and esophagus • alveoli and liver • nasal cavity and trachea • epiglottis and esophagus

  30. Bronchioles

  31. Bronchioles • Smallest air tubes which end at the alveoli • first airway branches that no longer contain cartilage • They are smaller than one millimeter in diameter • Control of airflow resistance and air distribution in the lungs is controlled by the bronchioles

  32. Alveoli (Air sacs)

  33. • Site of respiratory gas exchange • Surrounded by capillaries Microscopic blood vessels • Made of very thin membranes • Moist surface Alveoli

  34. Alveoli fill up with O2 • O2 diffuses into the capillaries out of alveoli (into blood) • CO2 and H2O vapor diffuses out of capillaries (into alveoli)

  35. Diaphragm

  36. Sheet of muscle underneath the lungs • Aids in breathing

  37. Breathing • Inhalation air traveling into the lungs • Exhalation air being pushed out of the lungs • Involves both the diaphragm and rib cage muscles

  38. Inhalation Demo

  39. Diaphragm contracts and moves down • Rib cage expands • pressure decreases  air rushes in

  40. Exhalation

  41. Diaphragm relaxes and moves up • Rib cage contracts and comes in • pressure increases  air is forced out of the lungs

  42. Summary nose mouth pharynx larynx Trachea Label the diagram lung Bronchi Bronchi Bronchioles Diaphragm Alveoli

  43. The human trachea is prevented from collapsing by the presence of • mucous membranes • cartilaginous rings • muscle fibers • bony networks

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