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Internet Resources Discovery (IRD)

Internet Resources Discovery (IRD). The Invisible Web. Contents. What is the Invisible Web? How big is the Invisible Web? Why is there an Invisible Web (and what’s in it)? Case study – patent search How to find Invisible Web resources?. What is the Invisible Web?.

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Internet Resources Discovery (IRD)

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  1. Internet Resources Discovery (IRD) The Invisible Web

  2. Contents • What is the Invisible Web? • How big is the Invisible Web? • Why is there an Invisible Web(and what’s in it)? • Case study – patent search • How to find Invisible Web resources? T.Sharon-A.Frank

  3. What is the Invisible Web? • Called also “Deep Web” in contrast to the “Surface Web”, which is the Visible Web. • The term “Invisible Web” relates to content of pages that are available and accessible on the Web, but are not accessible and not indexed by the regular SEs, and includes mostly: • searchable databases • excluded pages • These pages do not appear in the SEs search results. • Finding information on the Invisible Web is available using direct access or using Specialized SEs. • The extent of the Invisible Web is larger than the Visible Web. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  4. How Big is the Invisible Web? According to BrightPlanet study (2000): • Deep web (Invisible web) is 500 times larger. • Number of search utilities: • 45,000 search engines on the surface web. • 200,000 searchable databases within the deep web. • Number of documents: • 1 billion documents on the surface web. • 550 billion documents within deep web. • Deep web quality is 1,000 times greater. • 95% of deep web information is publiclyavailable. http://www.brightplanet.com/technology/deepweb.asp T.Sharon-A.Frank

  5. Visible vs. Invisible Web T.Sharon-A.Frank

  6. More Details (1) • Public information on the deep Web is currently 400 to 550 times larger than the commonly defined World Wide Web. • The deep Web contains 7,500 terabytes of information compared to 19 terabytes of information in the surface Web. • The deep Web contains nearly 550 billion individual documents compared to the 1 billion of the surface Web. • More than 200,000 deep Web sites presently exist. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  7. More Details (2) • Sixty of the largest deep Web sites collectively contain about 750 terabytes of information - sufficient by themselves to exceed the size of the surface Web forty times. • On average, deep Web sites receive 50% greater monthly traffic than surface sites and are more highly linked to than surface sites. • However, the typical (median) deep Web site is not well known to the Internet-searching public. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  8. More Details (3) • The deep Web is the largest growing category of new information on the Internet. • Deep Web sites tend to be narrower, with deeper content, than conventional surface sites. • More than half of the deep Web content resides in topic-specific databases. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  9. More Details (4) • Total quality content of the deep Web is 1,000 to 2,000 times greater than that of the surface Web. • Deep Web content is highly relevant to every information need, market, and domain. • A full ninety-five per cent of the deep Web is publicly accessible information -- not subject to fees or subscriptions. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  10. Invisible Web!? The Invisible Web google T.Sharon-A.Frank

  11. Is it Really that Big? • Some argue that the Invisible Web is actually only 50-80 times bigger than the Invisible Web. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  12. Deep Web Growing Faster than Surface Web T.Sharon-A.Frank

  13. Original deep content exceeds all printed global content T.Sharon-A.Frank

  14. The Size Today??? • 2000 - 1:550 (with source) • 2004 - 10:1000 (estimate) - 2 orders of magnitude more T.Sharon-A.Frank

  15. Why is there an Invisible Web? (1) • Specialized searchable databases: • Have dynamic pages. • Require parameters and user judgment. • Require user and password. • Script-based pages: • Include “?” in their URL. • Hazard to SEs – traps. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  16. Why is there an Invisible Web? (2) • Real-time, constantly changing, content. • Very large websites are partially indexed. • Private/secret websites: • Internal companies portals. • Excluded from SEs (using robots.txt or similar schemes). T.Sharon-A.Frank

  17. Why is there an Invisible Web? (3) • Multimedia (and other formats) files • Special formats • Examples: PDF, DOC, PPT, GIF, Flash • Some of the SEs can’t, or won’t index these. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  18. Why is there an Invisible Web? (4) • Additional reasons (mostly spam related or resources saving): • File size • Number of words in the page • Pages requiring cookies • Other spam characteristics • Multimedia files • Files and URLs with special characters. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  19. Why is there an Invisible Web? (5) • Non-linked pages (no incoming/inbound links). • Pages on servers with dynamic IP. • For example, 5% of the Internet is not connected! The Internet is partitioned and there exists “Dark Address Space”, or prefixes that are not reachable for one provider but that are available from other providers for long periods of time. • 5% of the total number of prefixes in the Internet or tens of millions of end hosts. Source: Arbor Networks - http://www.arbornetworks.com/downloads/research38/dark_address_space.pdf T.Sharon-A.Frank

  20. Invisible  T.Sharon-A.Frank

  21. The Invisible Web is mostly topic databases T.Sharon-A.Frank

  22. Databases (1) • Tens of thousands of databases in different topics exist. • The SEs know many databases, but not their content. • Entry to many databases is blocked, the SE knows its URL (main page), but not the information inside! T.Sharon-A.Frank

  23. Databases (2) • Searching these databases requires entry via the site user interfaces, and often also registration/password/cookies. • The advantage of using the database’s user interface is that it is specialized and designed to get the best results searching that specific information. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  24. Specialized interface VS. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  25. Auction Public, government information Expert directories Buyer’s guides Scientific databases from educational institutions and research labs News & magazine archives Discussions Mailing list archives Product reviews Legal databases Shopping catalogs Medical databases Topics of databases (1) T.Sharon-A.Frank

  26. Product support knowledge bases Phone numbers, address, and email databases and much more Dictionaries Thesauri Patent databases Trademark databases Genealogy and surname lists Topics of databases (2) T.Sharon-A.Frank

  27. Sites by Subject Area T.Sharon-A.Frank

  28. Example Databases (1) • WebDietitian • http://www.webdietitian.com • AnimalSearch • http://animalsearch.net • A database for family-safe animal-related sites. • NatureServe Explorer • http://www.natureserve.org/explorer • Online encyclopedia, provides authoritative conservation information on plants, animals, & ecological communities. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  29. Example Databases (2) • Search Systems • Public systems: courts, criminal records, birth, death, marriages, recalls, etc. • http://www.searchsystems.net/ • PubMed • Provides access to 14 million + MEDLINE citations • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi • MedlinePlus • Trusted Medical Information • http://www.medlineplus.gov/ • National Library of Medicine • Directory of trusted medical information • http://www.nlm.nih.gov T.Sharon-A.Frank

  30. Advantages of such databases • Quality of Content (Authority) • Deep Content on Subject Area (Comprehensiveness) • Focused Databases (Limited Scope) Smaller Universe of Documents to Search (Maximize Precision/Recall) • Material Unavailable Elsewhere on the Web (Uniqueness) • Many Options to Limit, Sort, Interact with the Data(Maximize Precision) • Timeliness vs. Time Lag of General Search Tools (Currency) T.Sharon-A.Frank

  31. Will the Invisible Web become Visible? Definitely! • Using intelligent SEs. • After a while, new information is being updated in SEs that can access the invisible web, and make it visible. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  32. Google’s Search “By Number” Service, examples: UPS tracking numbers: "1Z9999W99999999999" FedEx tracking numbers: "999999999999" USPS tracking numbers: "9999 9999 9999 9999 9999 99" Vehicle ID (VIN) numbers: "AAAAA999A9AA99999" UPC codes example: "073333531084" Telephone area codes: "650" Patent numbers: "patent 5123123" (Need to put the word "patent" before your patent number). Google Scholar http://www.google.com/help/features.html#number Google and the Invisible Web T.Sharon-A.Frank

  33. Yahoo Shortcuts • Yahoo provides a lot of “shortcuts” to retrieve information: • Gas prices • Exchange rates • Hotels • Airport Information • Sports Scores • Stock Quotes • and many more • http://help.yahoo.com/help/us/ysearch/tips/tips-01.html T.Sharon-A.Frank

  34. Case Study - Patents • Searching for “CD box” in patent abstract. • Google’s Search by Number • USPTO • FreePatentsOnline T.Sharon-A.Frank

  35. Google’s Search by Number T.Sharon-A.Frank

  36. USPTO Database T.Sharon-A.Frank

  37. USPTO Advanced Search T.Sharon-A.Frank

  38. Free Patents Online T.Sharon-A.Frank

  39. Free Patents Online (Continuation) T.Sharon-A.Frank

  40. Searching Database “CD box” T.Sharon-A.Frank

  41. Searching Google Example: Irrelevant 50 results – mostly irrelevant T.Sharon-A.Frank

  42. Is the Invisible Web Invisible? Google Yahoo! Google X T.Sharon-A.Frank

  43. How to Find Invisible Web Resources? Search for sources – not information! • Two-step searching in general search engines. • Specialty Search Engines • Subject Directories • Digital Libraries T.Sharon-A.Frank

  44. Two-Step Searching • Use general search engine (such as Google) to search for a good database, then search for the information inside that database/website search engine. • Examples words to add in the query: • database • association • tutorial • demographics • “how to” • webcam • streaming video + search engine • encyclopedia • product review T.Sharon-A.Frank

  45. Invisible Web Pathfinders • Sherman-Price Invisible-Web Directory http://www.invisible-web.net/ • CompletePlanet http://www.completeplanet.com • Beaucoup http://www.beaucoup.com • Turbo10 http://turbo10.com/ T.Sharon-A.Frank

  46. Sherman-Price Invisible-Web directory T.Sharon-A.Frank

  47. Invisible-Web directoryPeople Search T.Sharon-A.Frank

  48. Complete Planet T.Sharon-A.Frank

  49. Beaucoup (1) • Over 2500 engines • The engines listed on the main site are "free information" sites -- a *lot* of information. • Subject Directory/Annotated T.Sharon-A.Frank

  50. Beaucoup (2) T.Sharon-A.Frank

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