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Molluscs , Arthropods, Lophophorates , Echinoderms, and Invertebrate Chordates

Molluscs , Arthropods, Lophophorates , Echinoderms, and Invertebrate Chordates. Molluscs. Name means “soft-bodied” Usually covered by shell made of calcium carbonate Ex: chitons , snails (gastropods), clams (bivalves), octopods, squid, Range in size from microscopic to giant.

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Molluscs , Arthropods, Lophophorates , Echinoderms, and Invertebrate Chordates

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  1. Molluscs, Arthropods, Lophophorates, Echinoderms, and Invertebrate Chordates

  2. Molluscs • Name means “soft-bodied” • Usually covered by shell made of calcium carbonate • Ex: chitons, snails (gastropods), clams (bivalves), octopods, squid, • Range in size from microscopic to giant

  3. Body Structure: • Head-foot region • Covered by mantle • Used for locomotion • Can help form shell • Visceral mass • Radula  contains teeth • Adapted for scraping, piercing, tearing, or cutting pieces of food

  4. Reproduction and development: • Mainly sexual • Can have separate sexes or be hermaphrodites • Type of feeding: • Herbivores, Carnivores, Filter feeders, Suspension feeders, Scavengers, Deposit feeders

  5. Ecological roles: • Source of food and calcium • Hosts to parasites • Can cause commercial damage

  6. Arthropods • Name means “jointed-leg” • Body Structure: • Paired jointed appendages for locomotion, mouthparts, sensory structures • Hard exterior (exoskeleton) • Made of protein and chitin • Sophisticated sense organs  highly developed nervous system • Segmented body

  7. Reproduction: • Herbivores, Carnivores, Filter feeders, Suspension feeders, Scavengers, Deposit feeders • Chelicerates • Horseshoe crabs • Sea siders

  8. Mandibulates • Decapods: crabs, lobsters, true shrimp • Mantis shrimp • Krill • Amphipods • Copepods • Barnacles • Ecological roles: • Food source • Common symbionts • Nutrient recycling • Can cause commercial damage

  9. Lophophorates (Phoronida) • Sessile • Body Structure: • Lack distinct head • Feeding: • Possess lophophore • Feeding device • Also used for gas exchange • Ciliated tentacles around mouth

  10. Reproduction: • Asexual by budding or fission • Some are hermaphrodites • Some have separate sexes • Phoronids wormlike • Secrete a leathery tube around the body • Bryozoans • Brachiopods  lamp shells • Ecological roles • Filter feeders • Supply food • Fouling ship’s bottoms

  11. Echinoderms • Name means “spiny skin” • Mostly benthic • Ex: sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers • Body Structure: • Radial symmetry • Endoskeleton of calcium carbonate (ossicles) • Water vascular system • Used for locomotion, feeding, and circulating internal fluids

  12. Reproduction • Asexual and sexual • Feeding • Herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, deposit feeders, scavengers • Ophiuroids • Brittle stars, basket stars, serpent stars • Crinoids • Sea lilies, feather stars • Ecological roles • Source of food for molluscs, sea otters, spider crabs, and humans • Predators • Destroy kelp forests

  13. Tunicates (Urochordates) • Sessile • Body structure: • Covered by a tunic composed of polysaccharides • Reproduction: • Asexual: in colonies • Sexual: hermaphrodites

  14. Feeding: • Filter feeders on plankton • Ecological roles: • Channels nutrients for other organisms • Can have symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic bacteria • Widely distributed in all seas • Ex: sea squirts, salps, larvaceans

  15. Cephalochordates • Fish-like chordates (lancelets) • Lack bones • Body resembles an eel • Reproduction: • Separate sexes • External fertilization • Feeding: • Feed on organic material from particles filtered from the water • Ecological role: • Channels nutrients for other organisms

  16. Arrowworms (Chaetognatha) • In marine plankton (tropical water) • Body Structure: • Body is torpedo-shaped • Grasping spines around the mouth • Reproduction: • Hermaphrodites • Feeding: • Predators that feed on zooplankton • Carnivores • Ecological role: • Channels nutrients for other organisms

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