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WOMAN SUFFRAGE

WOMAN SUFFRAGE. GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES. Great Britain. 1830-60. Began with Chartism Resolution for female suffrage presented in House of Lords. 1860-1903—doldrums. Little progress because of ineffective tactics Parlor meetings Petitions sent to Parliament

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WOMAN SUFFRAGE

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  1. WOMAN SUFFRAGE GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES

  2. Great Britain

  3. 1830-60 • Began with Chartism • Resolution for female suffrage presented in House of Lords

  4. 1860-1903—doldrums • Little progress because of ineffective tactics • Parlor meetings • Petitions sent to Parliament • Politely questioned candidates

  5. 1860-90 • John Stuart Mill wrote Subjection of Women • Resolution for woman suffrage presented in House of Commons • Isle of Man gave vote to women who owned property

  6. Women’s Organizations • 1897—National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) formed by local British societies • 1903—Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) • Emmaline Pankhurst and her daughters • First goal—recruit more working class women

  7. 1903 • New methods • Outdoor meetings • Interrupted government speakers at public gatherings and demanded their views • Campaigned against anti- suffrage candidates

  8. 1903 • New methods • Marched in parades • Organized & recorded membership • Sought support of working class women

  9. October, 1905 • 2 women heckled PM of new liberal govt. during speech • Refused to leave • Arrested for assault • Refused to pay fine so sent to prison •  Women became more militant • Attacked MP’s physically • Poured acid into mailboxes

  10. June, 1908 • WSPU began tactic of breaking windows • Broke windows of PM’s house at 10 Downing Street • 27 women sent to Holloway Prison

  11. October, 1908 • WSPU held demonstration and tried to enter House of Commons • 24 women arrested, including Emmeline Pankhurst who received 3 months in prison

  12. July, 1909 • Imprisoned suffragette staged hunger strike • Released so that she would not become a martyr • Other women adopted this strategy • Authorities force-fed them

  13. July, 1913 • Suffragettes tried to burn houses of 2 govt. officials, even David Lloyd George’s • Burned cricket pavilions, racecourse stands and golf clubhouses • Some women quit because of escalating violence

  14. 1913 • Prisoner’s Temporary Discharge of Ill Health Act • Women on hunger strikes • When ill, released • When recovered, rearrested to complete sentences

  15. 1913 • Cat and Mouse Act

  16. By summer, 1914 • Over 1,000 suffragettes had been imprisoned for destroying property • Leading WSPU members • Arrested • Ill • In exile

  17. August, 1914 • England declared war on Germany • NUWSS and WSPU suspended political activity until war ended • Helped war effort • Govt released suffragettes from prison • Emmaline Pankhurst called on unions to let women work in male-dominated industries

  18. October, 1915 • The Suffragette changed to Britannia • “For King, For Country, For Freedom”

  19. 1919 • Representation of the People Act • Women over 30 received the vote

  20. 1928 • Equal Franchise Act • Voting rights for men and women were equalized (21)

  21. Purple, White, & Green

  22. Appeal to Style

  23. The Suffragette Look

  24. Joan of Arc

  25. Children

  26. Christmas

  27. Games Games

  28. ?

  29. ?

  30. ?

  31. UNITED STATES

  32. July, 1848 • Seneca Falls Declaration of the Rights of Women • Most women were advocates of temperance and abolition

  33. 1869 • Wyoming gave women vote • National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) formed • National amendment • Susan B. Anthony • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) formed • State legislatures • Lucy Stone

  34. 1870-71 • Ratification of 15th amendment gave voting rights to blacks • 1st national petition for women’s suffrage • Vote had been given to blacks, but not women who had helped them win it

  35. 1890 • National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) • United NWSA and AWSA • Carrie Chapman Catt

  36. 1896-1910—The doldrums • Apathetic attitude • Void in leadership • Death of Anthony in 1906 • Older leaders did not have education or experience • Limited membership • Most members were wealthy • Did not want vote for all women

  37. 1896-1910—The doldrums • Immigrant women worked for labor reform • Viewed “women’s suffrage irrelevant to basic social change, a mere plaything for the middle-classed, privileged woman.”

  38. 1896-1910—The doldrums • Opposition of liquor interests • Women in temperance movement • Involved in organized crime and election corruption • Women did not know to have poll watchers

  39. 1907 • Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s daughter lived in England • Active in suffrage movement • Went home to work for suffrage • 3 objectives from England • Dramatic propaganda • Tie middle-class and working women • Workers more politically minded

  40. 1907 • Founded Women’s Political Union of New York • Actions • Campaigned against anti- suffrage candidates • Held outdoor meetings • Suffrage parade in NYC (became yearly event)

  41. 1907 • Catt traveled abroad observing suffrage movements • Did not approve of militant tactics • Catt formed Woman Suffrage Party (WSP) • Poll watchers regulated elections • New York suffrage bill debated • Other states’ suffrage movements were energized

  42. By 1910 • New arguments for suffrage • With industrialization women were overworked and underpaid • Could do nothing about it • Growth of education • More women in higher education • Women learned that they were not inherently inferior to men • More confident

  43. 1913 • Alice Paul worked with militant suffragettes in Britain • Arrested • Hunger-strikes/Force-fed • Returned and created Congressional Union (branch of NAWSA) • Held party in power responsible • England-unitary govt. • US-federal govt • Picketing • Parades

  44. March 3, 1913 • Suffrage Parade, Washington, DC • Presidential inauguration time • 8-10,000 women were attacked • Lack of police protection increased public sympathy • Local troops called in to protect women

  45. 1913 • July—Auto procession to give petition to Congress • October—Emmaline Pankhurst began US speaking tour • November—Illinois votes suffrage

  46. 1914 • NAWSA went bankrupt • Couldn’t afford state referenda • New unified organization created—National Woman’s Party • Purpose—federal amendment • Use women’s voting power to force suffrage through Congress • Then get state legislatures to ratify • Issue dead for previous 25 years

  47. 1917 • NWP picketed White House • Wilson had not fulfilled promise to support suffrage amendment • Followed British suffragists’ example • In prison, had hunger strike • Prison officials force-fed women • Picketing angered Americans as war approached

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