Understanding Intercultural Communication Second Edition

1. Understanding Intercultural Communication Second Edition Chapter 3 What are the Essential Cultural Value Patterns? Stella Ting-Toomey & Leeva C. Chung OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS PowerPoint Slides Designed by Alex Flecky and Noorie Baig

2. TODAY’S MENU I. Functions of Cultural Values II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions III. Additional Value Orientations • Individual Socialization Development • Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables

3. I. Functions of Cultural Values

4. I. Functions of Cultural Values • Analyzing Cultural Values • Identity Meaning Function • Explanatory Function • Motivational Function • Ingroup–Outgroup Evaluative Function Click here to watch how Best Buy demonstrates how it takes its cultural values and uses them throughout the different countries in which it operates.

5. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions IDENTITY: POWER: UNCERTAINTY: SEX ROLES: Individualism Collectivism Small Power Large Power Distance Distance Weak Strong Uncertainty Uncertainty Avoidance Avoidance Feminine Masculine

6. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Individualism–Collectivism Value Pattern Individualistic Cultures “I” Identity Nuclear family Privacy regulation Individual competition Personal competence Direct comm. patterns Independent self Collectivistic Cultures “We” Identity Extended family Relational harmony Teamwork Ingroup emphasis Indirect comm. patterns Interdependent self

7. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Small–Large Power Distance Value Pattern Small Power Distance Emphasize interpersonal equality Children may contradict parents Younger people are smart Teachers ask for feedback Subordinates expect consultation Informal comm. patterns Horizontal self Large Power Distance Emphasize status based difference Children should obey parents Older people are wise Teachers lecture Subordinates expect guidance Formal comm. patterns Vertical self

8. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Weak-Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Value Pattern Weak Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty is valued Family is dynamic and changing High mobility in relationships Challenges are welcome Encourage risk-taking Conflict can be positive High tolerance for ambiguity Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty is a threat Reinforce family rules Low mobility in relationships Routines are welcome Encourage clear procedure Conflict is negative Low tolerance for ambiguity

9. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Feminine-Masculine Value Pattern Feminine Cultures Flexible sex roles Emphasize nurturance Both genders take initiative Social adjustment is critical Work in order to live Fluid gender communication Overlapped gender roles Masculine Cultures Complementary sex roles Emphasize achievement Males take initiative Academic performance is critical Live in order to work “Masculine” toughness vs. “feminine” softness Clear masculine/feminine gender roles

10. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions:Media Activities My Big Fat Greek Wedding film clip: Connect with the different value dimensions Japanese Snowboarder: Values During the 2008 Winter Olympics a Japanese snowboarder received a large backlash from his home country after wearing his country’s uniform “inappropriately.” Click here to watch video. The Last Samurai film clip: Click here to watch this clip about Feminine/ Masculine Cultures

11. II. Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions: Self-Assessment Discussion Four-Dimensional Values Inventory (DVI) • What Factors Shape Your Values’ Development? • Increase Your Self-Awareness of Value Dimensions on Multiple Levels: Cultural/Ethnic, Workplace, Family, and Personal Self. • Dyadic Discussion: Increase Your Awareness of Differences and Similarities between SELF and OTHER. . .

12. III. Additional Value Orientation Patterns

13. IV. Individual Socialization Development A. Independent versus Interdependent Self-Construal B. Horizontal versus Vertical Self- Construal C. Internal versus External Locus of Control

14. V. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables Flexible intercultural communicators: Practice the O-D-I-S Method: Observe verbal and nonverbal signals attentively. Describe specific behaviors with a minimum of distortion. Generate multiple interpretations of the unfamiliar behaviors. Suspend ethnocentric evaluation, perform open-ended evaluation. O = D = I = S =

15. Values Exploration Exercise “PARABLE” Application Exercise • Individual Decision Ranking • Group Discussion • Group Decision Consensus Ranking • In-Class Writing Assignment

16. Parting Thoughts… Only if we understand can we care. Only if we care will we help. Only if we help shall they be saved. ~ Jane Goodall