Historical Interpretation and Synthesis

1. Historical Interpretation and Synthesis Practicing New Skills and Putting Some Old Ones to Use.

2. Interpretation A Student’s History

3. Interpretation and Synthesis • Today you will act as an historian and interpret someone else’s history. • Find your partner (One of you is A and the other is B) • Switch artifacts • View the artifacts without talking to your partner • Write a short history of the event and why it is important to your partner.

4. Now Talk to Your Partner • Partner A – tell partner B about the event you wrote about today. Use the artifacts as evidence for your conclusions.

5. What is the Real Story? • Partner B, Tell Partner A what the real story is?

6. Now Talk to Your Partner • Partner B– tell partner A about the event you wrote about today. Use the artifacts as evidence for your conclusions.

7. What is the Real Story? • Partner A, Tell Partner B what the real story is?

8. Together Discuss • Who’s “history” was closest to the actual event? • What was similar what was different? • What facts were established? • What facts were inferred? • For those creating the histories, what other artifacts would have been helpful? • What makes a good source? What makes a weak source?

9. After hearing the history of the event from the person involved, would your story change? • Are there opposing viewpoints on the event? Who else could you talk with? • What other sources could you seek out? • How do you think historians put together what happened in the past? • What types of sources would historians find helpful? • Is it possible for historians looking at the same event to find different interpretations of history? How?

10. You have just interpreted someone’s History. Congratulations You are Historians

11. Who Are You? • Let’s take a few moments to find out who is here and who you are. • Please tell us a little about yourself?

12. What in your past has made you who you are? • Are there any events in your past that have made you afraid of something? • Are there any events in your past that affect how you feel about school? • These things affect how you interpret history. Historians have biases also.

13. Why Do we Study History? • We study history to: • Understand people and societies • Understand Change and How the Society We Live in Came to Be • History Provides Identity

14. More Interpretation: These quotes are All about the Same event – Europe’s Entry into WWI • Europe “slither[ed]” into World War I as David Lloyd George argued. • The Kaiser and his military officers began an arms race after a war meeting in 1912 which led to them provoking war as Fritz Fischer argued. • The blame lies squarely on the soldiers of Russia for their partial mobilization as Germany argued in September 1914. • The war was caused by the imperialist quest for raw materials and new markets as socialists argued.

15. Historical Interpretation: The ability to analyze evidence, reasoning, determining the context and evaluating points of view found in primary and secondary sources. Analysis: Evaluate: • to divide a physical or abstract whole into its constituent parts to examine or determine their relationship or value. • to judge or determine the significance, worth, or quality of; assess

16. Historians often differ. This is because of interpretation. Why Do Historians So Often Differ? Pages 8-9

17. Historical Evidence: Information given of past events or persons that can be verified to a reasonable standard of certainty Primary Source Secondary source • Sources of information that provide first-hand accounts of the events, practices, or conditions you are researching • A source of information that was created later by someone who did not experience first-hand or participate in the events or conditions you are researching.

18. Synthesis • Fusing disparate, relevant and sometimes contradictory evidence from primary sources and secondary sources. (Putting it all together)

19. Historical Argumentation • Using analysis, synthesis and interpretation of the historical record to define and frame an answer to a question in light of available information

20. The Geography of the United States

21. US Geography Basics • Third largest country in the world. • Half the size of Russia. • One third the size of Africa. • Half the size of South America. • 2 ½ times the size of Western Europe.

22. Regions & Time Zones of the U. S.

23. Label each of the 50 states on your map

24. Mark the Atlantic Ocean, The Pacific Ocean and The Gulf of Mexico Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Gulf of Mexico

25. Label Canada, Mexico and Cuba Canada Mexico Cuba

26. Topography

27. Topography of the US

28. The Contour of the US

29. Mountains & Plateaus Adirondack Mts. Cascade Mts. Rocky Mts. Appalachian Mts. Sierra Nevada Mts. ^ Mt. Whitney ^ Pike’s Peak ^ Mt. McKinley Alaskan Range

30. Rivers St. Lawrence R. Columbia R. Hudson R. Missouri R. Potomac R. Mississippi R. Ohio R. Colorado R. Arkansas R. Rio Grande R. Yukon R.

31. The Mississippi: America’s Great River Road • The “Big Muddy”. • 2,350 miles. • Draining all or part of 31 states & 2 Canadian provinces. • Covers 40% of the U. S.

32. Great Salt Lake • 2000 square miles. • 10’ – 28’ deep. • 6 times saltier than the oceans.

33. Label the Great Lakes

34. Deserts Death Valley Mohave Desert

35. Mohave Desert – 3,000’

36. Death Valley, CA • 3.3 million acres. • 95% wilderness.

37. Vocabulary and Geography Quiz Tuesday Your vocabulary will be matching and you will have to fill in a map.