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Chapter 11 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Chapter 11 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. 11.1 Alkenes and Alkynes. Saturated Hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom. are alkanes and cycloalkanes with single C-C bonds. CH 3 —CH 2 —CH 3. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons.

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Chapter 11 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

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  1. Chapter 11 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 11.1 Alkenes and Alkynes

  2. Saturated Hydrocarbons Saturated hydrocarbons • have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom. • are alkanes and cycloalkanes with single C-C bonds. CH3—CH2—CH3

  3. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons • have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes. • are alkenes with double bonds. • are alkynes with triple bonds.

  4. Bond Angles in Alkenes and Alkynes According to VSEPR theory: • the three groups bonded to carbon atoms in a double bond are at 120° angles. • alkenes are flat because the atoms in a double bond all lie in the same plane. • the two groups bonded to each carbon in a triple bond are at 180° angles.

  5. Naming Alkenes The names of alkenes • use the corresponding alkane name. • change the ending to –ene. Alkene IUPAC Common H2C=CH2 ethene ethylene H2C=CH─CH3 propenepropylene cyclohexene

  6. Ethene (Ethylene) Ethene or ethylene • is an alkene with the formula C2H4. • has two carbon atoms connected by a double bond. • has two H atoms bonded to each C atom. • is flat with all the C and H atoms in the same plane. • is used to accelerate the ripening of fruits.

  7. Naming Alkynes The names of alkynes • use the corresponding alkane name. • change the ending to –yne. Alkyne IUPAC Common HC≡CH ethyne acetylene HC≡C─CH3 propyne

  8. Naming Alkenes and Alkynes When the carbon chain of an alkene or alkyne has four or more C atoms, number the chain to give the lowest number to the first carbon in the double or triple bond. CH2=CH─CH2─CH3 1-butene 1 2 3 4 CH3─CH=CH─CH3 2-butene 1 2 3 4 CH3─CH2─CC─CH3 2-pentyne 5 4 3 2 1

  9. Learning Check Write the IUPAC name for each of the following: 1. CH2=CH─CH2─CH3 2. CH3─CH=CH─CH3 CH3 | 3. CH3─CH=C─CH3 4. CH3─CC─CH3

  10. Solution Write the IUPAC name for each of the following: 1. CH2=CH─CH2─CH31-butene 2. CH3─CH=CH─CH32-butene CH3 | 3. CH3─CH=C─CH32-methyl-2-butene 4. CH3─CC─CH32-butyne

  11. Learning Check Write the IUPAC name for each of the following: A. CH3─CH2─C≡C─CH3 CH3  B. CH3─CH2─C=CH─CH3

  12. Solution Write the IUPAC name for each of the following: A. CH3─CH2─C≡C─CH3 2-pentyne CH3  B. CH3─CH2─C=CH─CH3 3-methyl-2-pentene

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