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Windows Forensics

24 Jan 2008 TCSS431: Network Security Stephen Rondeau Institute of Technology Lab Administrator. Windows Forensics. Agenda. Forensics Background Operating Systems Review Select Windows Features Vectors and Payloads Forensics Process Forensics Tools Demonstration. Forensics Background.

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Windows Forensics

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  1. 24 Jan 2008 TCSS431: Network Security Stephen Rondeau Institute of Technology Lab Administrator Windows Forensics

  2. Agenda • Forensics Background • Operating Systems Review • Select Windows Features • Vectors and Payloads • Forensics Process • Forensics Tools Demonstration

  3. Forensics Background • Inspection of computer system for evidence of: • crime • unauthorized use • Evidence gathering/preservation techniques for admissibility in court of law • Consideration of suspect's level of expertise • Avoidance of data destruction or compromise

  4. Operating System Review • What does an OS do?

  5. Operating System Review • What does an OS do? • starts itself • low-level management of: • interrupts, time, memory, processes, devices (storage, communication, keyboard, display, etc.)‏ • higher-level management of: • file system, users, user interface, apps • addresses issues of fairness, efficiency, data protection/access, workload balancing

  6. Select Windows Features • Kernel vs. User Mode • Kernel features (architecture)‏ • device drivers • installable file system • object security • Services • User accounts, passwords and privileged groups • Security policies

  7. Computing Device input output Hub Computing Devices: Simplistic • Computing Device • takes some input • processes it • OS, services, applications • provides some output • Network • connects device • Data

  8. Computing Devices: Reality In Human K/M/touch,etc. Out Human A/V Data Scanner/GPS In/Out Data Storage Device, PC/Express Card, Network, Printer, Etc.

  9. Computing Devices: Connections • removable media • floppy,CD/DVD,flash,microdrive • PC/Express Card • wired • serial/parallel,USB,Firewire,IDE/SATA,SCSI/SAS • twisted pair • wireless • radio (802.11, cellular, Bluetooth)‏ • Infrared (IR)‏ • Ultrasound

  10. Vectors and Payloads • Vector: route used to gain entry to computer • via a device without human intervention • via an unsuspecting or willing person's actions • Payload: what is delivered via the vector • malicious code • may be multiple payloads • spyware, rootkits, keystroke loggers, bots, illegal software, spamming, etc.

  11. Forensics Process • Assess (after permission is granted)‏ • determine how to approach affected system(s)‏ • inspect physical environment • watch out for anti-forensics, booby-traps • consider how to stop computer processing • Acquire • capture volatile data • copy hard drive • Analyze

  12. Volatile Data • All of RAM, plus paging area • Logged on users • Processes (regular and services)‏ • Process memory • Buffers • Clipboard • Network Information (incoming and outgoing)‏ • Command history

  13. Nonvolatile Data • Partitions • Files • hidden, streams • Registry Keys • Recycle Bin • Scheduled Tasks • User Account and Group Information • Logs

  14. What to Look For • Know baseline system: what to expect of good system • Malware Footprint • in logs • on file system (changed dates/sizes, hidden)‏ • in registry • in startup areas • in services list • in network connections • Abnormality: function, performance, traffic patterns • Cross-check with multiple tools

  15. Microsoft Tools • Basic • Prevent: Windows Update, Time Service, Routing and Remote Access, LocalService, NetworkService, Runas • Inspect: net user/group/localgroup, Active Directory Users and Groups, Event Viewer, EventCombMT, systeminfo, auditpol, Security Configuration Manager • Fix: Malicious Software Removal, Security Configuration Manager • Network tools • netstat -anob, nbtstat, ping, tracert, arp, netsh, ipconfig • File • dir /ah, dir /od, dir /tc, findstr, cacls • Services • net start/stop, sc, services.msc • Process: • tasklist, taskkill, schtasks

  16. External Tools • www.sysinternals.com • variety of Windows tools to monitor and analyze • www.e-fense.com: Helix • Windows tools • Windows Forensics Toolkit™ • trusted commands • RAM/disk imaging, password recovery tools • some www.sysinternals.com tools • bootable to Knoppix with many file system tools • www.rootkit.com

  17. Advice • For your systems: • Prevent: • update, monitor, block, isolate, backup • Analyze: • find vectors and payloads • Recover: • off-network restore, re-install or re-image • block vectors and/or payload effects before going on-network

  18. References • Windows Forensics and Incident Recovery, Harlan Carvey, Addison-Wesley 2005 • Windows Forensic Analysis DVD Toolkit , Harlan Carvey, Syngress 2007 • File System Forensic Analysis,Brian Carrier, Addison-Wesley 2005 • Rootkits, Greg Hoglund and James Butler, Addison-Wesley 2006

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