By Abhijit Dasgupta Library Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS)

1. Semantic Web: A Key for Effective Knowledge Management: A Case Study on Facets of Non-conventional/Renewable Energy Sources By Abhijit Dasgupta Library Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) Kolkata – 700032 URL:http://www.iacs.res.in

2. Why Semantic Web: • To have a control over unprecedented retrieval of large number hits in any online retrieval against any subject query • To enhance the precision ratio and to keep a balance between recall value & precision ratio • To bind the facets of any subject at metadata level into an ontological & Semantic order • To control the function of metadata layer on the digital platform • To ensure that the plug-in should be within umbral & penumbral zone at the time of search operation

3. Semantic Web Technology Departments • XML (Extensible Mark-up Language) • XML Schema • RDF (Resource Descriptive Framework) • RDF Schema • OWL (Web Ontology Language)

4. Semantic Relationship • SKOS: Semantic Relation (Paradigmatic) • SKOS Broader • SKO Narrower • SKOS Related

5. Dependence and Extension Model of the Semantic Web • Extensible Mark-up Language (XML)/Schema -- extended by – --- Resource Descriptive Framework (RDF)/Schema -- extended by ----Web Ontology Language (OWL)

6. Why Non-conventional/Renewable Energy Sources • The very subject is one of the most sought areas of interdisciplinary research • It has an enormous literary warrant of web literature over last decade • Due to the extreme multidisciplinary nature of the subject the target audience is also vast • The online query on this subject is also multifarious and multi dimensional • To meet the multifarious query the metadata layer also should be in an effective ontological structure • Semantic web technology may be a solution for effective web retieval

7. Steps involved in building SKOS of the Facets on Non-conventional/Renewable Energy Resources • The facets/isolates of the non-conventional energy resources are collected from standard Reference Sources • The facets are then arranged into semantic relational structure like BT/NT/RT manner • The facets are then transferred into SKOS core semantic mapping – RDF graph • Translation of the SKOS core RDF graph into XML:RDF program

8. Semantic Relational Hierarchical arrangement of Facets BT Non-conventional Energy NT Solar Energy NT Solar Energy Storage NT Thermal Storage NT Electrical Storage NT Chemical Storage NT Mechanical Energy Storage NT Electromagnetic Storage NT Solar Declination NT Solar Constant NT Solar Concentrator NT Solar Collector NT Solar Cell Principle NT Solar Photovoltaic Cells NT Silicon Photovoltaic Cell NT Single Crystal Photovoltaic Cell NT Poly-crystal Photovoltaic Cell NT Amorphous Silicon Photovoltaic Cell contd..

9. Semantic Relational Hierarchical arrangement of Facets BT Non-conventional Energy NT Geothermal Energy NT Geothermal Gradient NT Geothermal Heat Pump NT Geothermal Desalination NT Geothermal Electricity NT Geothermal Power Plants NT Dry Steam Plants NT Flash Steam Plants NT Binary Cycle Plants NT Geothermal Cooling NT Closed Loop NT Open Loop NT Pond Loop NT Fuel Cells NT Proton Exchange Fuel Cells NT High Temperature Fuel Cells NT SOFC (Solid State Fuel Cells) NT MCFC (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells)

10. Transferring the Facets into SKOS Core Semantic Mapping – RDF Graph (Standard Followed – SKOS Core Guide:http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-swbp-skos-core-guide-20051102)

11. Transferring the SKOS Core RDF Graph into XML:RDF Program • <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> • <rdf:RDF • xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3c.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" • xmlns:skos="http://www.w3c.org/2004/02/skos/core#"> • <skos:concept rdf:about="http://www.example.com/concepts#non-conventional energy"> • <skos:preflabel>non-conventioanl energy</skos:preflabel> • <skos:broader rdf:resource="http://www.example.com/concepts#energy resource"/> • </skos:concept> • <skos:concept rdf:about="http://www.example.com/concepts#solar energy"> • <skos:preflabel>solar energy</skos:preflabel> • <skos:broader rdf:resource="http://www.example.com/concepts#non-conventional energy”/> • <skos:concept rdf:about="http://www.example.com/concepts#solar energy storage"> • <skos:preflabel>solar energy storage </skos:preflabel> • <skos:narrower rdf:resource="http://www.exmaple.com/concepts#solar energy"/> • </skos:concept> • <skos:concept rdf:about="http://www.example.com/concepts#thermal storage"> • <skos:preflabel>thermal storage</skos:preflabel> • <skos:narrower rdf:resource="http://www.example.com/concepts#solar energy storage"/> • </skos:concept> • <skos:concept rdf:about="http://www.example.com/concepts#electrical storage"> • <skos:preflabel>electrical storage</skos:preflabel> • <skos:narrower rdf:resource="http://www.example.com/concepts#solar energy storage"/> • </skos:concept> • <skos:concept rdf:about="http://www.example.com/concepts#chemical storage"> • <skos:preflabel>chemical storage</skos:preflabel> • <skos:narrower rdf:resource="http://www.example.com/concepts#solar energy storage"/> • </skos:concept> • <skos:concept rdf:about="http://www.example.com/concepts#mechanical energy storage"> • <skos:preflabel>mechanical energy storage</skos:preflabel> <skos:narrower rdf:resource="http://www.example.com/concepts#solar energy storage"/> • </skos:concept> • <skos:concept rdf:about="http://www.example.com/concepts#electromagnetic storage"> • <skos:preflabel>electromagnetic storage</skos:preflabel> • <skos:narrower rdf:resource="http://www.example.com/concepts#solar energy storage"/> • </skos:concept> • </rdf:RDF>

12. Conclusion: • The hierarchical facet structure needs constant up-dation according to the dynamic nature of the subject • The vocabulary control mechanism is very necessary for effective implementation of the SKOS • The SKOS knowledge mapping structure has some limitation in context of assigning labels • Needs more specific properties as sub-properties of existing SKOS core properties