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Nathaniel Hawthorne (July 4, 1804—May 19, 1864)

Nathaniel Hawthorne (July 4, 1804—May 19, 1864). Mr. Hoffman English 10. Biography. Born in Salem, Mass., in 1804 to Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clarke Manning Hathorne.

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Nathaniel Hawthorne (July 4, 1804—May 19, 1864)

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  1. Nathaniel Hawthorne(July 4, 1804—May 19, 1864) Mr. Hoffman English 10

  2. Biography • Born in Salem, Mass., in 1804 to Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clarke Manning Hathorne. • Later changed his last name to Hawthorne, adding a “w”, to dissociate with such relatives as John Hathorne, a judge during the famous Salem Witch Trials.

  3. Childhood • His father, a sea captain, died in 1808 in Suriname. • Hawthorne, his mother, and two sisters, then moved in with maternal relatives, the Mannings, in Salem, where they lived for ten years. • On November 10, 1813, Hawthorne was hit on the leg while playing “bat and ball” and became lame and bedridden for a year, although many physicians could find nothing wrong with him.

  4. Teenage years • In the summer of 1816, they moved to a home built specifically for his family by his uncles, Richard and Robert Manning, in Raymond, Maine. • In 1819, he was sent back to Salem for school. • He complained of homesickness and missing his mother and sisters; however, he finished and moved on to college.

  5. College • Attended college at Bowdoin College in Maine. • In college, by his own judgment, he was an idle student, “rather choosing to nurse my own fancies than to dig into Greek roots.” • Classmates included future president Franklin Pierce and future poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

  6. End of College • He chewed tobacco, played cards, drank wine at the taverns, and avoided intellectual company in favor of pleasure. • After graduation in 1825, he wrote to his sister Elizabeth, “I shall never make a distinguished figure in the world, and all I hope or wish is to plod along with the multitude.”

  7. Held Prisoner • Returning to Salem, Hawthorne set himself up in what he called the “dismal chamber,” a room on the third floor of the family home. • He kept himself a virtual prisoner there for the next twelve years, until he learned the craft of fiction.

  8. Early Works • In 1837, Hawthorne emerged to a publish a collection of stories, Twice-Told Tales. • They offer a vision of the human heart as a lurking place for the secrets of past sins. • It won him just enough success to encourage future work.

  9. Marriage • Hawthorne courted and became engaged to Sophia Peabody, and he briefly joined the utopianexperiment in communal living at Brook Farm. • Neither the shoveling of manure nor the endless,lofty discussions of the Transcendentalistsappealed to him.

  10. Home After Marriage • After their marriage in 1842, they moved into the Old Manse in Concord, where Emerson had lived before them. • Hawthorne often walked with Thoreau and Emerson, but no warm friendship resulted from these meetings.

  11. The Old Manse

  12. Children • Three children • Daughter Una Hawthorne, born March 3, 1844. • Son Julian Hawthorne, born June 22, 1846. • Daughter Rose Hawthorne, bornMay 1851

  13. Life in Concord • Hawthorne accepted a political appointment as a surveyor to the Salem customhouse in 1846. • In 1849, despite losing his job and simultaneously losing his mother, he somehow found the energies for his masterwork, The Scarlet Letter. • It was, he said, “positively a hell-fired story, into which I found it almost impossible to throw any cheering light.”

  14. The End • In 1853, President Franklin Pierce—Hawthorne’s old frined from Bowdoin—offered him the post of U.S. consul at Liverpool. • Hawthorne and his family lived there for seven years. • He returned to America in 1860.

  15. The End (cont’d) • Pierce was defeated for a reelection and Abraham Lincoln was in the White House. • Hawthorne felt out of harmony with his times. • On the night of May 18, 1864, while on a trip with Pierce, Hawthorne died in a New Hampshire hotel room.

  16. In Death • Emerson felt that Hawthorne, no longer able to endure his solitude, “died of it.” • He recorded this sadly ironic anecdote after attending Hawthorne’s funeral:“One day, when I found him on the top of his hill, in the woods, he paced back the path to his house, and said, `This path is the only remembrance of me that will remain.’”

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