Parentheses

1. () Parentheses ()

2. Parentheses - The marks of parenthesis are the marks of punctuation ( ) that set off unrelated words, phrases, or clauses that do not change the meaning of the sentence when omitted. Use marks of parenthesis in pairs.

3. And what are they used for? Parentheses perform four basic functions in written American English: enclose numbers and letters in a list, enclose clarifications, introduce emphasizations, and enclose aside and additional information. numbers letters in a list clarifications aside and additional information. emphasizations

4. Now just some reminders…. When you use parentheses in a sentence, put a space before the first one and after the last one. My sister plays her guitar and sings off tune (her idea of fun) to annoy my dad. Space Space

5. Now just some reminders…. When you use parentheses in a sentence, put a space before the first one and after the last one. And there is no space after the first one or before the second one. My sister plays her guitar and sings off tune (her idea of fun) to annoy my dad. Space No Space No Space Space If the sentence needs a comma, it would go right after the parentheses.

6. Rules of parentheses Use parentheses to show the expanded forms of abbreviations. He was an active member of the IOC (International Olympic Committee). or He was and active member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).

7. Rules of parentheses Use full parentheses to enclose numbers or letters used for listed items. We need an emergency room physician who can (1) think quickly, (2) treat patients respectfully, and (3) handle complaints from the public.

8. Rules of parentheses Do not use parentheses within parentheses. Use brackets in place of the inner parentheses. Please refer to Julius Caesar (Act IV, scene I [page 72]).

9. Rules of parentheses Periods go inside parentheses only if an entire sentence is inside the parentheses. Please read the analysis (I enclosed it as Attachment A.).

10. Rules of parentheses Sometimes the sentence needs to have a comma, colon, or semicolon in it even without the parentheses. These pieces of punctuation always come after the parenthetical material, never before it or inside the parentheses. Last year I read Animal Farm (for English class), and found out I didn’t like it.

11. Some last hints about parentheses. • Do not use parentheses to enclose information that is part of the grammatical structure of the sentence. • Do not overdo parentheses to the point of stuffing one entire sentences inside another.

12.  There will now be a (super easy) review.