Chap 4 Tissue: Living Fabric

1. Chap 4Tissue: Living Fabric Learning Objectives: Describe the 4 main tissue types. List several structural and functional characteristics of each. Name, classify, and describe the various types of epithelial (including chief functions and locations), connective, nervous, and muscle tissue. Define gland. Differentiate between exocrine and endocrine glands. Read Chapter 4. Study the different photos of tissue throughout the chapter noting their characteristics, functions, and locations.

2. Problem: Torn Knee Cartilage Arthroscopic Knee Surgery Video: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/arthroscopic-knee-surgery/MM00006

3. Discussion What is tissue?

4. Discussion Is skin considered tissue?

5. PREDICT Which of these are examples of tissue? • muscle • nerve • connective • skin • All the above

6. 4 Main Tissue Types • _________ (covering) • _________ (support) • _________ (movement) • _________ (control)

7. What is Epithelial? Epithelial - sheet of ____ that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity (examples: outer layer of skin, glands of the bodies, lining of body cavities) Functions: protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, sensory reception Characteristics: 1) _________ (an upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ, and a lower attached basal surface) 2) Most epithelial fits closely together to form continuous sheets 3) Supported by _________ tissue 4) _________ but innervated (Innervated means ____) 5) High regeneration

8. More About Epithelial 3 Basic types of epithelial: • ________ – flattened & scalelike • ________ – boxlike • ________ – tall & column-shaped NOTE: Epithelial tissue usually grows in either a single layer (simple) or in two or more layers stacked one on top of another (stratified)

9. Practice: Getting To Know Your Basic Epithelial Tissues Instructions: • Work individually on this exercise. • Using Chapter 4 pages 110 – 113 as a reference, quickly classify each tissue on the practice sheet as “simple” or “stratified”. Then, give it’s proper name, description, function, and location. • Estimated Time: 10 - 12 minutes

10. I. Simple Epithelial A. _______ ________ epithelial Description: Single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse Cytoplasm. __________ kind of epithelium. Function: Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration where protection is not essential; secretes lubricating substance Location: Kidney glomeruli, lung air sacs, heart linings, blood Vessels, lymph vessels, lining of ventral body cavity

11. I. Simple Epithelial continued B. ______ _______ Epithelial Description: _____ layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei Function: Secretion and absorption Location: Kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

12. I. Simple Epithelial continued C. _____ ________ Epithelium Description: Single layer of _____ cells; sometimes have _______; may contain goblet cells ( mucous-secreting unicellular glands) Function: absorption, secretion of mucous/ enzymes and other substances; ciliated type propels mucous or reproductive cells Location: Non-ciliated kind - Digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts of some glands. Ciliated kind – small bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of the uterus

13. I. Simple Epithelial continued cilia D. _____________ Columnar Epithelial Description: single layers of _________ heights; some do not reach the free surface; nuclei present at different levels; may contain goblet cells with cilia Function: secretion, propulsion Location: Non-ciliated type – sperm-carrying ducts, ducts of large glands. Ciliated type – trachea, upper respiratory tract Basement membrane Connective tissue

14. II. Stratified Epithelial A. ________ Squamous Epithelium Description: Most ________ of the stratified epithelial; thick membrane with several layers Function: Protection Location: Non-keratinized type – moist linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina. Keratinized type – epidermis Basement membrane Connective tissue NOTE: There is a keratinized type (surface full of dead cells; rough due to protein content)

15. II. Stratified Epithelial B. Transitional Epithelial, pg 114 Description: Resembles stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; has cuboidal or columnar basal cells; surface cells are are more squamous-like Function: Stretches and contains Location: bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra

16. Brainstorming • Can you name some glands of the human body?

17. III. Glandular Epithelial ________ - consists of one or more cells that make and excrete a product. A gland is classified depending on where it excretes its product. Glands are either: a) _________ - internally secreting; usually ‘ductless’; produce hormones. Examples: pancreas (secreting insulin), thyroid, etc. b) ________ - externally secreting and numerous; secrete their products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities. Examples: mucous, sweat, oil, salivary, liver (secretes bile), pancreas (secreting digestive enzymes)

18. Quick Review Epithelial Tissue 1. What are the 3 basic types of epithelial tissue? 2. What two ways does epithelial tissue (in general) typically grow? 3. What are the two main types of glands and the difference between them?

19. 2nd Main Type of Tissue: Connective Tissue • Found everywhere in the body (most abundant of the 4 tissue types) • 4 main classes of connective tissue: a) b) c) d)

20. Characteristics of Connective Tissue a) common origin (all arise from embryonic tissue) b) either ________ or _________ c) has a ______ amount of “extracellular matrix” (interstitial fluid, proteins, fibers, and cells) NOTE: Fibers are either collagen (a fibrous protein), elastic or reticular (short/fine and branching)

21. Areolar Connective Tissue

22. Adipose Connective Tissue continued

31. 3rd Main Tissue Type - Nervous • Nerve cells (neurons) • Make up brain, spinal cord, and nerves

32. 4th Main Type Of Tissue – Muscle (3 Types)

35. Chapter Review 1. What are the 4 main tissue types? 3. What are the 3 types of muscle tissue and where are they found? 2. What are the 4 main classes of connective tissue? 4. State 3 characteristics of epithelial tissue. 5. State 2 characteristics of connective tissue.