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Herbs

Herbs. Lindsay Brown, Kerstin Brueck, Daron Flory. What is an herb?. Herb- 1. A ______________ annual, biennial or perennial that does not develop persistent woody tissue but dies down at the end of a growing season.

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Herbs

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  1. Herbs Lindsay Brown, Kerstin Brueck, Daron Flory

  2. What is an herb? • Herb- 1. A ______________ annual, biennial or perennial that does not develop persistent woody tissue but dies down at the end of a growing season. • 2. A plant or plant part valued for its medicinal, savory or aromatic qualities.

  3. Some stats… • 13,000 plants are used medicinally • 550 are commercially available in the U.S. • The FDA approves 279 as _______ or food ingredients

  4. Some facts • In 1996, ___% of American adults reported using herbs. • 3.24 billion dollars were spent on herbs • According to a survey, 34% of people had used at least one “unconventional therapy”

  5. Some facts • 10% had seen an herbal practitioner • 45% were seeking alternative tx for anxiety, and 35% for depression

  6. Are herbs safe? There is a current lack of ______________ in the U.S. regarding herbs. -Many people think that just because a product is labeled “natural” or “organic,” that it is completely safe-this is not true.

  7. Cont… -Our bodies do not distinguish between organic & ______________ drugs- tries to metabolize both the same -In telephone survey about depression in ’99, majority believed herbs were safer than prescription drugs Vazquez, R.(2001). Professional Psych: Research and Practice. V. 32 p.329

  8. FDA regulation • 1962-FDA issued strict guidelines on safety and efficacy testing requirements for ______________. • 1972-FDA began a comprehensive review of all OTC products. • Modern herb industry (after 1965) held the FDA in great suspicion and avoided interaction with them-resulting in herbal products being taken out of OTC med’s

  9. Cont. • Since herbs are out of the new drug and OTC business, the botanical industry has no choice but to offer their products as ______________ • Bad relations between FDA and Herb companies led to the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)-

  10. DSHEA -clearly says what a dietary supplement is and what it is not. -not ______________. -Unsafe if it presents risk due to regular use -The claims on the label must be truthful and not misleading.

  11. DSHEA cont. • “This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to treat, cure, or ______________ any disease.” • Herbs have to be labeled as “dietary supplement” and must be scientifically researched • Herb has to be manufactured under current good manufacturing practices (GMP’s)

  12. Bottom line… • DSHEA basically assured the American consumers when it comes to using herbal supplements • Use of Ginkgo, St. John’s wort, kava-kava and valerian for mood, emotions, and mental states has increased dramatically • Ex.-Sale of Ginkgo increased by 66.8%, sale of St. John’s wort by 189.7% from 1997-1998.

  13. St. Johns Wort • One of the most popular herbal remedies in Europe and the U.S. • Sale of SJW totaled 6 billion in ’98, rose 2800% in one year alone. • It comes from the Hypericum Perforatum plant, which is cut and gathered at the start of the ______________. Vazquez, R.(2001). Professional Psych: Research and Practice. V. 32 p.329

  14. Depression The most widely publicized alternative treatment for depression. OCD Significant decrease on scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Scale, which is similar to that found in clinical trials of standard prescription anti-depressants. Effects of SJW Vazquez, R.(2001). Professional Psych: Research and Practice. V. 32 p.329

  15. Side effects Nausea, heartburn, loose bowels, jitteriness, ______________, fatigue, Phototoxic rash, and fatigue. ______________ has a positive correlation with increased side effects. Problems with SJW Vazquez, R.(2001). Professional Psych: Research and Practice. V. 32 p.329

  16. Originated in South Pacific Islands It is an extract from the ______________ Plant Consists of compounds related to anaesthetic, sedating, anticonvulsive, muscle-relaxant, and sleep properties Kava-kava Brown R.; Gerbarg, P(2000). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, v.19

  17. Kava-kava treatment uses • Fear • Anxiety-related disorders • Tension • Stress • Mild depression • Kava-kava compared favorable to Benzodiazepines anti-depressants Brown R.; Gerbarg, P(2000). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, v.19

  18. Positives ______________, learning, memory enhancement Short-term memory processing Negatives Side Effects Liver damage, gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic skin reactions, movement disorders, attention deficits Most side effects are dose-response Plus and minuses Brown R.; Gerbarg, P(2000). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, v.19

  19. Omega-3 • Component in Fish oils • ______________ fatty acid • Prevalent consumption in fish eating countries • E.g., Japan, Taiwan, China Rees, A.; Austin, M.; Parker, G.(2004). School of Psychiatry, U of South Wales

  20. Physiological Effects • Helps with: • Asthma • Cystic Fibrosis • Rheumatoid arthritis • Reduced morning ____________, reduced number of swollen joints, and joint pain. Ruxton, C.; Reed, S.; Simpson, M.; Millington, K.(2004). The British Dietetic Association. V. 17 p.449

  21. Psychological Effects • Helps increase fluidity in neuronal membranes and help regulate neurotransmitters • Depression • Bipolar Disorder • Dementia Ruxton, C.; Reed, S.; Simpson, M.; Millington, K.(2004). The British Dietetic Association. V. 17 p.449

  22. Sam-e (S-adenosyl-methionine) • A nutrient or dietary supplement • Used by more than a million people in Europe for certain treatments • Boosts levels of neurotransmitters • Related to Omega-3’s function Brown R.; Gerbarg, P(2000). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, v.19

  23. Treats • Depression • ______________ • Osteoarthritis • Age-related memory impariment Brown R.; Gerbarg, P(2000). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, v.19

  24. Side effects • Appears to have among the fewest side effects of herbal remedies • The main side effect • A state of _________ in patients who had bipolar disorder • Appears to work well with other medications Brown R.; Gerbarg, P(2000). American Psychiatric Press Review of Psychiatry, v.19

  25. Ginkgo Bilboa • From the tree family of Ginkgoacae • Used for 5000 years • Increases cerebral blood flow Mattes; Pawlik (2004). Human Pharmocology;

  26. Increases in the brain • Memory • Concentration • ______________ • Helps with some cognitive disorders • E.g., Alzheimer’s disease Mattes; Pawlik (2004). Human Pharmocology;

  27. Conclusion • Herbs are an alternative to prescription medicines • They have similar qualities/effects as meds, but results will more than likely vary individually • Remember: A lot of one thing is always a bad thing

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