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Chapter 14 The World War I Era 1914-1920 (Pages 414-441)

Chapter 14 The World War I Era 1914-1920 (Pages 414-441). The Road to War Alsace Lorraine, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Britain, France Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Allied Powers Russia, France, Great Britain. Causes. Complex system of Treaties

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Chapter 14 The World War I Era 1914-1920 (Pages 414-441)

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  1. Chapter 14 The World War I Era 1914-1920 (Pages 414-441) The Road to War Alsace Lorraine, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Britain, France Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Allied Powers Russia, France, Great Britain

  2. Causes • Complex system of Treaties • Balance of Power led to a chain reaction • June 28, 1914 • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie • Sarejevo-Bosnia

  3. Franz and Sophie

  4. Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia • Chain Reaction of mobilizations • Russia • France • Germany-must invade Belgium and Luxemburg to get to France • Great Britain

  5. Conflict Grows • At first rapid progress by Germany get within 30 miles of Paris • Stopped at the Marne River by France and Great Britain • Armies dig in-Trench Warfare • Eastern Front- central powers making gains • Ottoman Empire joins the Central Powers

  6. Modern Warfare • Ideas of Heroism shattered • Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery, and poison gas • Britain suffered 60, 000 casualties in one day • Generals could not adapt • Frustrated soldiers killed POWs, civilians, poisoned water sources, and burned fields

  7. German Navy • Sank all ships believed to have weapons • British blockade caused hunger in Germany • War of attrition

  8. The American Response • Immigrants feel involved • Some for central • Some for allies • America neutral • Business interests • Peacemaker

  9. Prepared vs. Peace • Be prepared • National Security League • Increased Army • Peace movement • Women, progressives, and social reformers • Increase income taxes and increase taxes on arms dealers

  10. The United States Declares War • U Boats • Lusitania May 7, 1915 • 1,198 passengers died • 128 Americans • The Zimmerman Note • Revolution in Russia • City of Memphis, Illinois, and Vigilancia sunk

  11. Declaration of War • April 16, 1917 President Wilson signs the declaration of war against the central powers • Americans on the European Front • 1st just loans, navy, and supplies • John J. Pershing and 14,500 troops sent-more needed

  12. May 1917 Selective Service Act • “War to end all wars” • Volunteer for draft • 11,000 women in Armed forces • 14,000 women serve in civilian roles overseas • Convoy system for merchant ships

  13. American Soldiers • Doughboys • Did not integrate with allies • Separated by race • Menial jobs, manual labor • Mary E. Gladwin and the Red Cross • Serbia

  14. Lenin Takes Power • Civil War in Russia • Lenin signs treaty with Germany • Germany goes on the offensive • Marines hold back the offensive and save Paris • Suffer 50% casualties

  15. Counter Attack • Allies break the lines • Tanks • Fresh troops • Battle of Amiens • Defeat Germany’s last offensive push • Sgt. York • Saved his platoon by killing machine gunners • Took 132 prisoners with a pistol

  16. November 11, 1918 • Armistice signed • 50,000 Americans dead • 8 million European soldiers dead • 20 million civilians

  17. On the Home Front • Liberty Bonds • “Dollar a year men” • Government Oversaw Production • Fixed prices • Gas-less days • Daylight savings time • Set wages, hours, and working conditions

  18. Food Consumption • No rations-Voluntary restraint • Information under Government control • Propaganda • Nativism • Literacy tests for immigrants • Hostility toward Germans

  19. Civil Liberties Repressed • Espionage Act • Sedition Act • Censorship of the press • Boy scouts and girl scouts • Drill at school

  20. Cultural and Social Transformations • Mexican Americans and African Americans get better jobs • Women get better jobs • Prohibition enacted to save grain-19th amendment 1919

  21. Global Peacemaker • Wilson’s 14 points • Self determination • League of Nations • France wanted to prevent invasion and humiliate Germany • Carve up German colonies

  22. Article 10 • An attack on one is an attack on all • Treaty of Versailles • France gets Alsace Lorraine for 15 years • Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia established • German War Guilt and reparations • Must pay 33 billion

  23. Approval at Home • League of nations too binding • July 2, 1921 War officially ends • Post war • Business benefit • Banks benefit • No reintegration policy for troops • African Americans in uniform lynched

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