Surat Al-’ Aadiyat Tafseer

1. Surat Al-’AadiyatTafseer

2. Surat al-’Aadiyat*Chapter 100**Revealed in Makkah*

3. Surat Al-`Aadiyat بِسۡمِ ٱللهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ • وَالْعَـدِيَـتِ ضَبْحاً • فَالمُورِيَـتِ قَدْحاً • فَالْمُغِيرَتِ صُبْحاً • فَأَثَرْنَ بِهِ نَقْعاً • فَوَسَطْنَ بِهِ جَمْعاً • إِنَّ الإِنسَـنَ لِرَبِّهِ لَكَنُودٌ • وَإِنَّهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ لَشَهِيدٌ • وَإِنَّهُ لِحُبِّ الْخَيْرِ لَشَدِيدٌ • أَفَلاَ يَعْلَمُ إِذَا بُعْثِرَ مَا فِى الْقُبُور • وَحُصِّلَ مَا فِى الصُّدُورِ • إِنَّ رَبَّهُم بِهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَّخَبِيرٌ

4. Al-`Aadiyat ~ The Racers In the Name of Allâh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful • By the (steeds) that run, with panting. •  Striking sparks of fire (by their hooves). •  And scouring to the raid at dawn. •  And raise the dust in clouds the while. •  And penetrating forthwith as one into the midst (of the foe). •  Verily, man (disbeliever) is ungrateful to his Lord. •  And to that he bears witness (by his deeds). •  And verily, he is violent in the love of wealth. •  Knows he not that when the contents of the graves are poured forth (all mankind is resurrected)? • And that which is in the breasts (of men) shall be made known? •  Verily, that Day (i.e., the Day of Resurrection) their Lord will be Well-Acquainted with them (as to their deeds and will reward them for their deeds).

5. Introduction • Tone: • Intensity and Horror • War elements • The tumbling out of what is in the graves • The exposure of the deepest secrets that hearts conceal • Justifies the events of the Day of Judgment • Learn:  • Attitude of human being • Carelessness w/o fear of consequences

6. What were the Arabs interested in? • Before Islam:  • People were rough • Fights were very common • Entertainment industry: • Poetry; ancient version of a concert • Allah talks about • What people want to hear about • Not about justice, helping, etc. Arab InterestOur Version Action Movies Battles Cars Horses

7. 5 Oaths in this SurahTo get Kuffar’s attention! • Speaker has to do something to get your attention first • People say, “I swear”  I’m serious; also to get your attention • Surat al- ‘Aadiyat starts with Allah taking an oath • Allah sets up an argument in the mind of the listener • In Qur’an: • Object of oath is preparing you for subject of oath

8. وَالْعَـدِيَـتِ ضَبْحاًBy the (steeds) that run, with panting. Imagery:  Battle field and Fast Battle Horses • Adiyat: running in battle against enemy; charging towards enemy using its fullest potential • Adi: group waiting to attack • I swear by battling horses …. • Trailer of action movie: ex. Exciting scene! • Female horses ~ faster in battle like an exotic car • Headed right into battle • Dhabha: the panting of horse when engaged in aggressive motion • Horse is going as fast as it can & marching toward an enemy (known for the word Adiyat) • No Break • Dhabh ~ originally used for wolves • Pack of wolves do not attack unless they think they can win • Battling horses compared to pack of wolves • Allah has the Arabs’ attention • Imagination On top of his horse and marching in full speed and can hear the panting

9. فَالمُورِيَـتِ قَدْحاًStriking sparks of fire • Fa: • Letters that connect one sentence to another • A continuation of the scene, more details of same scene • Falmuriyat: • From Ira = to start a fire when two things rub against each other • Horses cause sparks as they are run fast ~ scene intensified • Qadha: very loud gallops • Small group of bandits and sparks are flying

10. فَالْمُغِيرَتِ صُبْحاًAnd scouring to the raid at dawn. • Horse reaches the enemy and is on top of enemy • Horses have delivered the rider • Falmughiraat: from Ghara ambush • Ighara: intent to kill; rob and pillage; used for criminal behavior; to go deep into something • Subha: morning time • Ambushed enemy in morning time • Morning shows that the riders have confidence

11. فَأَثَرْنَ بِهِ نَقْعاًAnd raise the dust in clouds the while. • Transition from noun to verbs  so action intensified • Athara: caused (the horses) to rise • Naq’a: a cloud of dust; something moving really fast • Bihi: could be referred to • Morning sand is damp; doesn’t rise, even though, dust is rising anyway OR • Striking of horses

12. فَوَسَطْنَ بِهِ جَمْعاًAnd penetrating forthwith as one into the midst. • Final part of oath • Wasatna: penetrate to middle of something • Because of the cloud of dust, they penetrate in a group(jam’a) to the middle • Penetrated into heart of the gathering; cruising into the middle • Where is the enemy?  All around them! • Jam’a: all of them • So you don’t go all out: you don’t throw all your horses at once, no back up • After these ayats, attention towards climactic moment What happens? Scene goes blank • Arabs love the loyal battle horse who is willing to risk his own life for his master • Now Allah will present the subject: • If mentioned subject before no one will pay attention

13. إِنَّ الإِنسَـنَ لِرَبِّهِ لَكَنُودٌNo doubt the human being is not loyal to his Lord. • You are a slave and you have a Master, and you are not loyal at all • Kanood:  ungrateful to the favors; only complains • Allah has even given ability over animals, • Allah has given human being so much so he would obey Him on earth • But one’s intellect, knowledge, civilization is used to rob, pillage • Kanood: to cut apart • Human being disassociates himself from his master • Especially when he comes to his master, he is extremely ungrateful • No loyalty Ungrateful = Unhappy!!!

14. Forgive me When I Whine

15. وَإِنَّهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ لَشَهِيدٌAnd to that He bears witness. • He is truly a witness of his ungratefulness • Effects are manifested on his behavior • Uses the thing Allah has given him to disobey Him • Shaheed: Witness to his disloyalty all the time • Robbing and pillaging, what he owns, man uses it disobey Allah You are a against your own self! • Qur’an makes one feel deep inside himself; not an intellectual argument

16. وَإِنَّهُ لِحُبِّ الْخَيْرِ لَشَدِيدٌ And no doubt his love of wealth is intense. • Li: word that gives purpose • I am studying for a degree  for : purpose • For used for love (hubb) • Hubb: perception that something desirable: you do whatever you can to get it, you think it is really good for you:  call it love • Love of what? • Khair: good; here it means wealth  could be bad • Allah is translating the mentality of humans: humans think wealth is good • Shadeed: tough • Tied up in it  bent on maintenance of his wealth

17. Or do you know another song about love of wealth?

18. أَفَلاَ يَعْلَمُ إِذَا بُعْثِرَ مَا فِى الْقُبُورDoes he then not know when whatever is in the grave will be yanked out and pulled out from deep within? • Bathara: box full of stuff, you look for something, turn upside down to find it • Everything in the graves will come out • People you killed (ambush) for love of wealth will come out • Most killing on earth is due to Loving of wealth

19. وَحُصِّلَ مَا فِى الصُّدُورِAnd that which is in the breasts shall be made known. • Hussila: whatever in chest will be brought out • Everything scraped out of chest • Last Surah (Zalzala): smallest deed mentioned • But actions are not in chest • This ayat goes one step forward: • What is inside?  Intent motives in this Surah • Hubbil khair: testimony to disloyalty to Allah, love of wealth • This completes the picture: Outside (Zalzala) and Inside (‘Aaidyat)

20. Intentions

21. إِنَّ رَبَّهُم بِهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَّخَبِيرٌVerily, that Day their Lord will be Well-Acquainted with them. • No doubt, esp. regards to them (bihim) • Yawmaidhin:  On that day • Lakhabeer: He will be fully knowledgeable

22. Conclusion

23. Surat Al-`Aadiyat