CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 8 Church History October 26, 2008 The Anglican Reformation

1. CHURCH HISTORY IILesson 8 Church History October 26, 2008 The Anglican Reformation

2. Church History Ca. 30AD 590 AD 1517 AD Ancient Church History Medieval Church History Modern Church History Reformation & Counter Reformation Apostolic Church The First Medieval Pope The Rise of the Holy Roman Empire Apostolic Fathers Rationalism, Revivalism, & Denominationalism The Crusades Church Councils Revivalism, Missions, & Modernism Golden Age of Church Fathers The Papacy in Decline The Pre-Reformers ?

3. 1787 1612 1560 1530’s 1525 1520’s 1517 General Baptist Methodist Presbyterian Lutheran Reformed Anabaptist Anglican Roman Catholic Church

4. The Protestant Reformation • Common Beliefs • Salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ • Religious authority is Scripture. • Church is the priesthood of believers. Anglican Anabaptist Lutheran Reformed Ulrich Zwingli 1484-1531 John Calvin 1509-1564 John Knox 1513-1572 Elizabeth I 1558-1603 Conrad Grebel 1448-1526 Martin Luther 1483-1545 Northern Europe Switzerland Scotland England Germany 1517 1523 1525 1536 1560 1563

5. The Development of English Protestantism Roman Catholics Anglican High Church (Arminian) Anglicans 1534 (Calvinistic) Evangelical Low Church Presbyterians State Church Puritans Separatist Congregationalists Independents

6. 4 Roots of the Anglican Reformation 1. John Wycliffe (1320-84) & the Lollards 2. The Rise of a Strong National State 3. The Effect of the Biblical Humanists 4. Luther’s Writings Circulating in England Henry VIII

7. Henry VII 1457-1509 Able Administrator Developed a Nationalistic Fervor Arranged Political Marriages for Children Strategic Royal Marriages Margaret – James of Scotland Arthur – Catherine of Aragon Henry – Catherine of Aragon

8. Henry VIII 1491-1547 Reign (1509-1547) Handsome Strong Cultured Good Musician Could speak-Latin, French, Spanish, & English Enjoyed chase, archery, tennis Strong theological knowledge Wrote The Seven Sacraments “Defender of the Faith” V V Egotistical Obstinate Given to fitful acts of terror

9. Daughter of Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain Married to Arthur Married to Henry VIII for 24 years She bore 6 children, only 1 survived infancy, Mary; No male heir

10. The Direct Cause of the Reformation No male heir from marriage with Catherine God was punishing him for marrying his brother’s wife Cardinal Wolsey order to negotiate with Pope Clement VIIfor a divorce Wolsey fails because Clement under the control of Charles V,Catherine’s nephew. Wolsey will die on his way to execution. Thomas Cromwell, chief minister to Henry, Thomas Cranmer,Archbishop of Canterbury – get control of English clergy. In 1531- Henry accused the clergy of violating a statute prohibitingrecognition of any appointee of the pope without the King’s consent. Cardinal Wolsey Henry then forced the clergy to accept him as the head of the church“as far as the law of Christ allows” and fined them. In 1532, levies $, he called them together again and forced them toagree to the Submission of the Clergy – No papal bull enforced In 1533, he divorces Catherine and marries Anne

11. Acts of Parliament Parliament Passes the following acts: Prohibit residence of English clergy outside of the country Forbid payment of annates to the pope Prohibited appeals from church courts in Eng to papal courtsin Rome 1534 – passed the Act of Supremacy of 1534 declaring theKing “the supreme head of the church of England” Subjects were to take an oath to observe the statute & torepudiate papal authority. Thomas More refused

12. January 1533, Henry Marries Anne Boleyn Thomas Cranmer, Protestant Arch Bishop of Canterbury, pronounced Henry’s marriage to Catherine invalid, and on May 28 declared marriage to Anne Boleyn fully lawful. She is crowned queen on June 1, and gives birth to Elizabeth on September 7. Ten Articles – Protestant influenced doctrinal statement. November 1534 – Parliament passes the Supremacy Act – the King of England head of English Church. (no change in doctrine or form of worship, but governance) Over the next 4 years – Henry seizes catholic lands and gives to the middle class and landed gentry. May 1536 – tired of Anne Boleyn and unforgiving for no male heir, Henry accuses her of adultery and has her behead. 13 days later marries Jane Seymour

13. Jane gives birth to a male heir, but dies 12 days later.

14. Cromwell encourages Henry to marry Anne of Cleves for political reasons. This recommendation leads to Cromwell’s demise/death.

15. Marries Catherine Howard in August 1540. Charged rightly with adultery in November 1541 and beheaded January 1442. Catherine and her family and supporters were Catholic. Her ignominious end discredited Catholics and left protestants in a position to influence Edward when Henry dies.

16. Had Protestant leanings and supported theological reform of the church. She supported Archbishop Cramner and the protestants faction that would influence the young Edward VI when Henry VIII died.

17. Edward VI 1537-1553 (reigned 1547-1553) Since a boy king, country was ruled by protectors who favored Protestantism Parliament abolished harsh Law of Treason & Heresy Repealed the Six Articles Act Removed all restrictions on printing, reading, & teaching of scriptures Order administration of cup to the laity Images ordered removed from churches Marriage of priests made legal Act of Uniformity – universal use of a book of common prayer in English 42 Articles – doctrinal statement produces by Cranmer and influenced by Knox Dies at age 16 - tuberculosis

18. Mary Tudor 1516-1558 (reign 1553-1558) Sought to immediately repeal Protestant Reforms Marries Phillip II of Spain Began persecution of Protestants, “Bloody Mary” Hugh Latimer, Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Cranmer Many leading Protestants flee to the Continent & become influenced by continental reformers particularly Calvin in Geneva Mary’s extreme reaction turned the English people from her – Spanish marriage, restoration of the pope, the persecution of English people

19. Five Characteristics of the English Protestant Reformation 1. No dominant religious leader. 2. It was a gradual Protestantization of the English people. 3. God used secular (pagan?) catalysts to bring Reformation to England. 4. The vernacular Bible prepared people for the break with Rome. 5. No spiritual awakening among the people at all levels of society.