The English Transplantations

1. The English Transplantations Chapter 2

2. Early Chesapeake • Jamestown • James Divided the “New World” into two territories • North = Puritan Company • South = London Company • London Company moved quickly • Enter Chesapeake in 1607 • Jamestown

3. Jamestown I • Easily defended • But: • Swampy = disease = malaria • Hot/humid • Thick woods • Middle of native stronghold • No laborers, only elite, so few skills • Entirely male, greedy = poor diets = starvation

4. Jamestown I Cont’d • John Smith • Raids local natives/kidnaps • imposed work order • only 12 of 200 die the following winter

5. Jamestown II • 1609 New Charter from king • LC sells stock to “adventurers” • LC sells stock to “planters” • LC offers “free” passage to poorer people who would work as indentured servants for seven years • 1609 Great Fleet 600 persons, women and children • one ship lost at sea • one ship run aground in Bermuda • many died of fever/starvation once landing

6. Jamestown II Cont’d • Starving Time • landed just before winter 1609 • Bermuda Boat arrives in May, only 60 are alive • headed home… but run into Lord DeLaWarr • Turned around

7. Jamestown III • Harsh and rigid discipline • Work groups • Harsh punishment (flogged, broke at wheel) • Governor Dale allows private ownership of land

8. $$$$$$$$ • Tobacco • 1600s tobacco is widely used in Europe • 1612 J. Rolfe harvests strong tobacco • demand soars • plant exhausts land after a few years, demand for land grew • colony is still failing

9. $$$$$$$$ • Headright system • 50 acres to each family member to travel to New World • encouraged families to move to the New World • Bankrupt • 1622 Indian raids kill settlers, interest in colony • 1624 James I revokes charter

10. Colonies

11. Maryland • Est. by Lord Baltimore aka George Calvert • wealthy businessman • English Catholic • Died before it could be realized

12. Virginia • Now run directly from King not London Company (bankrupt) • Sir William Berkeley • appointed gov. by King James • agreed not to move west of negotiated line with Indians • Population Boom • population doubles • 1660 = 40,000

13. Virginia Cont’d • Bacon’s Rebellion • Nathaniel Bacon • new land owner in west area • wanted to keep expanding

14. Virginia Cont’d • Landowners vs. Landless servants • Bacon leads revolt • goes across color line • burns city and drives Berkeley into exile • Conclusion from revolt: • import a underclass of servants who cannot demand land

15. Caribbean • All islands in Caribbean claimed by Spain • sugar • Sugar harvest=hard work • By late 1600s four slaves to every single white person

16. New England

17. Puritans Part I (Plymouth) • Scrooby Group • 1620 Mayflower • Original destination was the Hudson River (NY) but… • ended up on Cape Cod (Mass) • Plymouth Rock

18. Puritans Part I (Plymouth) Cont’d • Mayflower Compact • Swore allegiance to the king, even though they were outside the territory • Dec. 21 1620 • ½ died but colony survived • Less Hostile to Natives than Virginians • Wampanoag's essential to early growth and survival • Squanto and Somoset • Spoke English! • Gather seafood • Corn • Hunt • Small Pox

19. Puritans Part I (Plymouth) Cont’d • 1621 October Harvest Festival • gave thanks to Indians for helping them • First Thanksgiving… ? • Plymouth Plantation • elected governor, William Bradford • privatized lands • Strong belief that God had put them there

20. Puritans Part II (Massachusetts Bay Experiment) • Struggle in England • James I tried to rule absolutely • Oppressive towards Puritans • James I dies / Charles I takes over • Catholic • Mass. Bay Company • Puritan merchants put $$$ together • King unaware, signs charter • Incentives start as financial, but became very religious

21. Puritans Part II (Massachusetts Bay Experiment) Cont’d • John Winthrop • Leader of expedition • 17 ships • 1000 people, families • largest migration of 17th century • Cities • Boston (Charles River) became capital • Charlestown, Concord and 8 other major dev. in ten years • Different from Plymouth • No intention of breaking away from Anglican Church

22. Puritans Part II (Massachusetts Bay Experiment) • “City upon a Hill” Society • 1634 Elections • Law required attendance of religious services • Dissidents had no freedom of worship in America • Theocracy • Jamestown vs. Mass. Bay (Plymouth and Boston) • Indians + Pilgrims worked together • Families helped secure commitment • Strong religious + political hierarchy  stability • WORK ETHIC

23. Massachusetts Exodus

24. Connecticut • Thomas Hooker • Established Hartford • New Haven • 1662 connected to Connecticut

25. Rhode Island • Roger Williams • Winthrop considered RW to be a “heretic” • Providence

26. Anne Hutchinson • Outspoken woman • Questioned church • Trial  Banished

27. Friends + Differences + Greed =Enemies • Relationship between whites and Indians • Tensions • Overhunting • Demand for livestock • Demand for land • Further East, stronger tribes • Pequot War 1637 • Dispute over land • King Philip’s War 1670s

28. England Drama! • 1625 James I dies • Son takes over • 1642 Civil War • Cavaliers (Loyalists) vs. Roundheads (Puritans) • Roundheads win and decapitate Charles I • Oliver Cromwell “protector”

29. More Colonies (Yipee!) • Carolina (Latin for Charles) • North Carolina • New Jersey • Pennsylvania • Quakers • William Penn

30. More Colonies (Yipee!) Cont’d • Georgia • General James Oglethorpe • Military Barrier against Spain • help indebted prisoners • Policies • No Slaves • No Alcohol • Regulated trade with Indians • No Catholics (ally w. Spanish) • Failed • People wanted slaves, moved out to SC

31. Re-organizing • Navigation Acts • Mercantile system • Rebel Puritans • Glorious Revolution • James II widely unpopular • Parliament invited Mary and her husband William of Orange to assume the throne • James II runs away to France