Early Growth of the New Nation

1. Early Growth of the New Nation Mr. McCain

2. SSUSH6 The student will analyze the impact of territorial expansion and population growth and the impact of this growth in the early decades of the new nation. a. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states. b. Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territory’s exploration by Lewis and Clark. c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the development of a national identity. d. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nation’s infrastructure. e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine.

3. Northwest Ordinance a. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states.

4. Ordinance: Law Northwest Ordinance • Remember: • Established system of government for the Northwest territories

5. Northwest Ordinance • Important Sections of the Ordinance: • Section 14 Article 1: Freedom of Religion • Section 14 Article 3: Schools to be founded • Section 14 Article 6: Slavery banned No person, demeaning himself in a peaceable and orderly manner, shall ever be molested on account of his mode of worship or religious sentiments, in the said territory. Religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted:

6. Northwest Ordinance • Impact on Western Expansion • People began to move westward • Land was cheap/plentiful • Slavery was illegal • Public schools were mandatory $

7. Northwest Ordinance • Impact on slavery • Ordinance banned slavery in the territory • Required runaway slaves to be returned to their owners Slavery

8. Northwest Ordinance • Impact on public education • Required schools in each township First time the U.S. government required public education

9. Northwest Ordinance • Addition of new states • States made from NW Ordinance: • Ohio • Indiana • Michigan • Illinois • Wisconsin

10. Jefferson’s Presidency b. Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territory’s exploration by Lewis and Clark.

11. #3 Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) President of the United States: 1801-1809 (3rd) • Democratic-Republican • Favored smaller government • Feared industry • Supported by farmers, Southerners “Man of the People”

12. Jefferson's Elections 1800 and 1804

13. Louisiana Purchase (1803) • Louisiana • French territory • Napoleon’s Plan = New World Empire • Loss of Haiti = No Empire • New Goal – sell to make $ • Price: $15,000,000

15. Louisiana Purchase (1803) • Jefferson’s Problem: • Strict Constructionist – Constitution did not specify that he could buy the territory • Deal was too good to pass up

16. Lewis and Clark • Expedition (1804-1806) • Purpose: Explore and map Louisiana Territory • Led by: • Meriwether Lewis • William Clark

17. Lewis and Clark Expedition • Assisted by Sacajawea

18. War of 1812 c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the development of a national identity.

19. #4 James Madison (1751-1836) President of the United States: 1809-1817 (4th) • “Father of the Constitution” • Democratic-Republican • Secretary of State under Jefferson • Signed agreement to purchase Louisiana

20. War of 1812 • Causes: • Situation in Europe Napoleonic Wars Britain v. France vs.

21. War of 1812 • Causes: Response to British/French Blockades: • Embargo Act of 1807 • Non-intercourse Act (1809) • British interference in American shipping Limited Trade U.S. France Great Britain Impressment of American seamen – captured & made to work on British ships Seizure of American ships – In case they were headed to France Chesapeake incident (1807) – UK ship attacked US ship, 18 dead

22. War of 1812 • Causes: • Native American conflict in the West Tecumseh • Leader of the Shawnee • Attempted to organize a Native American alliance to fight the Americans • The British supplied weapons to the Native Americans Tecumseh and his allied were finally defeated by General William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe, in present day Indiana

23. War of 1812 • Causes: • War Hawks Members, mostly young, of Congress who supported war John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) Henry Clay (Kentucky)

24. War of 1812 • Course of the War: • Early Naval Victories • Invasion of Canada • Burning of Washington U.S.S. Constitution Oliver Hazard Perry Great Lakes Battle of the Thames (1813) August 24th, 1814 Dolly Madison

26. George Munger The President’s House Watercolor, 1814

27. “The state which was” “Before War” War of 1812 • Course of the War: • Battle of New Orleans • Treaty of Ghent January 8, 1815 U.S. victory Led by Gen. Andrew Jackson December 24, 1814 status quo ante bellum Means everything went back to the way it was before the war started

28. War of 1812 • Significance: Cultural • Star-Spangled Banner • Francis Scott Key – “In Defense of Ft. McHenry” • “Hunters of Kentucky”

29. War of 1812 • Significance: • “Development of National Identity” What does it mean to be "American?"

30. Homework • Write a paragraph “How did the War of 1812 help develop a distinct American identity? (i.e. how was being “American” different from “British”)

31. Building the New Nation d. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nation’s infrastructure.

32. Canal: man-made waterways, that connect lakes, rivers, or oceans and used for transportation Development of the Nation’s Infrastructure • Transportation Problems: • Poor roads • Difficult to move goods / people • Solution: • Canals • Steamboats • Railroads DID YOU KNOW: The first steamboat capable of carrying cargo upstream was the Clermont, built by Robert Fulton in 1807.

33. Erie Canal • Purpose: • Connect Hudson River with Great Lakes • Fun Facts: • Length: 363 miles • Completed: 1825 • Cost: $7,000,000 DID YOU KNOW: The Erie Canal opened up interior New York for development. The cost of moving goods between New York City and Buffalo, NY was reduced by over 90% after the canal opened.

34. View of Erie Canal John William Hill, 1829 Watercolor on paper

35. Erie Canal

36. Canals decreased the cost of transportation

37. Rise of New York City • Became largest city in America • Increased trade from canal/road systems

38. Monroe Doctrine e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine

39. #5 James Monroe (1758-1831) President of the United States: 1817-1825 (5th) • Democratic-Republican

40. “Era of Good Feelings” • ~1817-1825 • Little partisan activity • Federalist party had dissolved • Monroe received all but one Electoral vote in 1820

41. Monroe's Elections 1816 and 1820

42. Monroe Doctrine • U.S. policy first proclaimed by Pres. Monroe • First issued December, 1823 • European countries cannot colonize or interfere with nations in the Western hemisphere

43. Monroe Doctrine • Reasons for: • European nations were seeking to reconquer their colonies • Revolutions in Latin America during the early 1800’s gave independence to many of these countries • Napoleonic Wars were over

44. Monroe Doctrine • Importance of: • Been used by many American Presidents to interfere in Latin America • N.B. At the time, the U.S. had little ability to enforce this declaration