html5-img
1 / 22

Fallacies

Fallacies. What is wrong with the following sentences?. I love Disneyland because I’m always happy there. Everyone on the team wears Nike shoes; it’s the only way to go! I love music, therefore I love the Jonas Brothers. Objective.

brooklyn
Télécharger la présentation

Fallacies

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Fallacies

  2. What is wrong with the following sentences? • I love Disneyland because I’m always happy there. • Everyone on the team wears Nike shoes; it’s the only way to go! • I love music, therefore I love the Jonas Brothers.

  3. Objective • To understand what makes a logical fallacy, how to catch someone when they are using one (perhaps to pull a fast-one on you), and how to avoid using them in your own writing and dialogue.

  4. Logical Fallacy • A logical fallacy is a statement that contains faulty reasoning. Don’t give your reader a reason to doubt your information. Persuasive writing especially requires sound logic to support opinions.

  5. Circular Reasoning • Supporting a statement by simply repeating it in different words. • Teens should avoid fad diets, because it is important for adolescents to stay away from weight-loss plans.

  6. Either / Or Fallacy • A statement that suggests that there are only 2 choices available in a situation that really offers more than 2 options. • Either students should be allowed to go off campus for lunch to Burger King, or they should choose from the cafeteria’s food.

  7. Oversimplification • An explanation of a complex situation or problem as if it were much simpler than it is. • Making the team depends on whether the coach likes you. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnpqG3h6pY8

  8. Overgeneralization • A broad generalization. • No one cares about the story. • A little kid might say: “All birds can fly.”

  9. Stereotyping • A dangerous type of overgeneralization. • All girls can’t play sports. • All boys lie and cheat. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ktgBpdy99c

  10. Attacking the person or name-calling (poisoning the well) • An attempt to discredit an idea by attacking the person or group associated with it. • My opponent is not smart enough to be mayor. • She is basic. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ug75diEyiA0&list=PL2Rf1R6EcGZTov9OQUWpwaA7xczA7cXRF

  11. Evading the Issue • Refuting an objection with arguments and evidence that do not address its central point. • Yes, I broke my promise to not raise taxes, but taxes have paid for your new highways. • Yes, I broke my promise to not raise taxes, but taxes have paid for your new highways. • I know I am late, but you look beautiful. • What you do with your parents when you are in trouble! 

  12. Non sequitur (post hoc) • A statement that uses irrelevant proof to support a claim. • I know I’ll pass math. Mr. Gray is my math teacher and my football coach. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRJUvFG8gbE

  13. False Cause • The mistake of assuming that because one event occurred after another event in time, the first event caused the second to occur. • I failed English because of football. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTbZoKEOkUg

  14. False Analogy • A comparison that doesn’t hold up because of a critical difference between the two subjects. • She walks to school and back every day, so surely she can walk in a 10K race. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60NSO9pJyVI

  15. Hasty Generalization • A conclusion drawn from too little evidence or from evidence that is biased. • That corner must be dangerous. There were two car accidents there last week.

  16. Bandwagon Appeal • Uses the argument that a person should believe or do something because “everyone else” does. • The Cardinals are a winning team and everyone likes them so you should to. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGLHlvb8skQ&list=PL4CC0F6415CD51AC4

  17. Testimonial • Relies on endorsements from well-known people or celebrities. • Proactive-Jessica Simpson • Gatorade-Michael Jordan • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gq_EZjhHaDY

  18. Snob Appeal • Taps into people’s desire to be special or be part of an elite group. • Treat yourself to a tropical paradise because you deserve the best. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JABV8Sez45s

  19. Transfer • Connects a product, candidate, or cause with a positive emotion or idea. • Freedom…you can feel it the instant you put your hands on the new Jeep Wrangler. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R55e-uHQna0

  20. Appeal to Loyalty • Relies on people’s affiliation with a particular group • This car is made in America by Americans. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Wa_6g9WNgU

  21. Appeals to pity, fear, or vanity • Use strong feelings rather than facts to persuade. • Without more police, we will be at the mercy of thieves. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=92kPKbXHqss

  22. Glittering Generality • Makes a generalization that includes a word or phrase with positive connotations (feelings) to promote a product or idea. • A vote for Tom Jones is a vote for democracy! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2Cz5dZOtAc

More Related