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Unit 6 Script 文字

Unit 6 Script 文字. Dr. Tim Xie California State University, Long Beach txie@csulb.edu. Animation: A brief introduction to Chinese characters http://sonicnovel.com/kanjia.html. 漢字的形成 Origin of characters. 漢字有五六千年的歷史 目前能夠看到的成批漢字資料距今三千多年(商代後期 甲骨卜辭 和器物 銘文 ) 漢字對中國歷史發展、維護統一起了巨大的作用.

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Unit 6 Script 文字

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  1. Unit 6 Script 文字 Dr. Tim Xie California State University, Long Beach txie@csulb.edu

  2. Animation: A brief introduction to Chinese characters http://sonicnovel.com/kanjia.html

  3. 漢字的形成 Origin of characters • 漢字有五六千年的歷史 • 目前能夠看到的成批漢字資料距今三千多年(商代後期甲骨卜辭和器物銘文) • 漢字對中國歷史發展、維護統一起了巨大的作用

  4. 甲骨卜辭 器物銘文

  5. 漢字的特點 Characteristics • 表意文字 ideographic • 代表音節 syllabic • 不分詞連寫 no word boundaries • 字和詞的關係 characters may or may not be words • 漢字知多少 number of characters • Norman p.72, about 60,000. 約六萬, • Common ones: about 10,000 通用一萬, • Frequently used: 3,000 常用 3000

  6. 漢字的結構 Structure • 漢字是書寫單位, writing unit,與音節相當,但與語素或詞素不一定一一對應 • 衣(一個音節、一個字、一個語素、一個詞) • 萄(一個音節、一個字、不是語素、不是詞) • 漢字由筆劃和偏旁組成 strokes and radicals

  7. Structure of a Character

  8. 漢字形體結構類型 Structure types • 1.上下結構     古三 • 2.左右結構     叫側 • 3.獨體結構    木刀 • 4.包圍結構    回圖 • 5.半包結構  a. 同鳳司勾歷尼  b.   凶遷延  c.   匹匠

  9. 筆劃系統 Stroke • 筆劃——開始下筆到把筆提起來叫做“一筆”或“一劃” • 漢字的基本形式是點和線。基本筆形是“點、橫、豎(直)、撇、捺” • 挑(提)、鈎、折(曲)是變形。

  10. 永字八法

  11. 漢字筆順規則 • 1.基本規則:  a.先橫後豎:十土  b.先上後下:二古  c.先左後右:仁則  d.先撇後捺:八人  e.先中間後兩邊:小水  f.點在字的上邊或左上者先寫;點在字的右上或中間者後寫:斗文犬叉

  12. 2.包圍結構和半包結構漢字筆順規則:  A.包圍結構先外後內再封口:回圖  B.半包結構   a類先外後內:同鳳司勾歷尼   b類先內後外:凶遷延   c類先上後內再左下:匹匠

  13. 筆順字典 • 《汉字写法规范字典》上海辞书出版社1992年出版 • 《新华笔顺字典》吉林音像出版社 • 『常用國字標準字體筆順手冊』國語文教育叢書第十八 (可網上查詢)

  14. 軟件 software • eStroke http://www.eon.com.hk/estroke • Wenlin http://wenlin.com • Other online software http://learningchineseonline.net/ Characters

  15. 偏旁系統 Radical • 漢字的組成部分是偏旁 • 有的偏旁也是字,有的偏旁不成字,有的字分析不出偏旁 • 《說文解字》的五百四十個部首,《康熙字典》二百十四個部首,最新公布二百零一個部首。 • 教育部、国家语委发布《汉字部首表》和GB13000.1字符集汉字部首归部规范》。《汉字部首表》规定主部首201个,附形部首99个。

  16. 部首 Radical index (or radical components) • are clusters of strokes that act as constituent units of Chinese characters. Some researchers call the semantic component the "radical" and the phonetic component the "stem" (e.g., Fang & Wu, 1989). However, in more recent studies, all components regardless of their function in a character, tend to be given the unified name of "radical". • The total number of radicals in Chinese writing varies from 567 to 648 with differences in the character pool and the decomposition principle (Fu, 1985; Han, 1994a; Li, et al., 1988). Shuowen Jiezi has 540 radicals or graphic classifiers. Many radicals (about 50%) are characters (Li, et al., 1988). • 康熙字典(214部首)、大陸字典(227部首)、新華字典(187部首)http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/flux/radscheme.htm

  17. 康熙字典部首

  18. 偏旁名稱1:http://www.hello-han.com/ch-education/hanyurumen/word/pianpang/pianpang.htm偏旁名稱1:http://www.hello-han.com/ch-education/hanyurumen/word/pianpang/pianpang.htm • 偏旁名稱2: http://www.hello-han.com/ch-education/hanyurumen/word/pianpang/pianpang2.htm

  19. 偏旁名稱

  20. 如何確定部首 Where is the radical? • 漢字部首位置不固定 • 在左 江、松 • 在右 頸、鳩 • 在上 花、景 • 在下 婆、煎 • 在左上角 聖、荊 • 在左下角 潁、穀

  21. 在右上角 整、望 • 在右下角 脩、賴 • 在裡邊 周、同 • 在外邊 國、匡 • 難以辨明的可能要查數次

  22. 獨體字Simple characters • The characters containing only one radical are called simple characters 獨體字. Most of the characters are single-character words. A stroke can also be a character, or even a word (e.g., 一 , 乙).

  23. 合體字 Compound characters • Most Chinese characters are composed of more than one component. Those containing two or more radical components are called compound characters 合體字 (e.g., 明,海)

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