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Modern Atom

Modern Atom. Basic Structure. Consists of tiny nucleus and the electrons that move about it Nucleus diameter about 10 -13 cm Electron is average distance of 10 -8 cm from the nucleus. Nucleus. Chemistry is mostly about the electrons

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Modern Atom

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  1. Modern Atom

  2. Basic Structure • Consists of tiny nucleus and the electrons that move about it • Nucleus diameter about 10-13 cm • Electron is average distance of 10-8 cm from the nucleus

  3. Nucleus • Chemistry is mostly about the electrons • Nucleus has a very high density (a lot of mass and small area)

  4. Nuclear Contents • Protons – positively charged with charge about equal to but opposite of the electrons • Neutrons – no charge and about same mass as protons

  5. What Causes Different Properties • Electrons are the parts that intermingle with other atoms • Different number of electrons (thus protons) causes different interactions and thus different behavior

  6. Atoms Are Very Small In Mass • Hard to express in grams • Unit of atomic mass – amu • 1 amu = 1.66 x 10-24 g

  7. Masses of Subatomic Particles • Proton 1.0073 amu • Neutron 1.0087 amu • Electron 5.486 x 10-4 amu • It takes 1836 electrons to equal the mass of 1 proton

  8. In General • In a neutral atom the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons • The number of protons determines the identity of the atom • All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons

  9. Isotopes – are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons (thus different masses) • Isotopes are also called Nuclides • Atomic mass on the periodic table is the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes • Ions – atoms with different numbers of protons and electrons

  10. Notation • Mass number shows the total number of protons and neutrons • Atomic number shows the number of protons

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