Apostasy-Phobia: An Extension of The Black Sheep Effect

1. Apostasy-Phobia: An Extension of The Black Sheep Effect Rosina Kamis Supervisor: Alison Chasteen

2. Black Sheep Effect Non-Deviate Deviate In-Group Evaluation Out-group

4. Religious Out-Group Religious In-Group Changed groups Apostates Believers Believers since childhood

5. Apostasy-phobia Religious Out-Group Religious In-Group Converts Believers Evaluation Believers since childhood

6. Apostasy-phobia Religious Out-Group Religious In-Group Converts Believers Evaluation Believers since childhood No Religion Out-Group People with no religion

7. Apostasy-phobia Religious Out-Group Religious In-Group Convert from In-Group Believers Evaluation Believers since childhood No Religion Out-Group People with no religion Convert from Out-Group

8. Apostasy-phobia

9. Procedures

10. Demographics I

12. Demographics I • Scenario

14. Demographics I • Scenario • Evaluation of Adam

17. Demographics I • Scenario • Evaluation of Adam • Reasons Adam left participants’ religion

19. Demographics I • Scenario • Evaluation of Adam • Reasons Adam left participants’ religion • Behavioral intentions towards Adam

21. Demographics I • Scenario • Evaluation of Adam • Reasons Adam left participants’ religion • Behavioral intensions towards Adam • Behavioral intentions towards participants’ faith

23. Demographics I • Scenario • Evaluation of Adam • Reasons Adam left participants’ religion • Behavioral intensions towards Adam • Behavioral intentions towards participants’ faith • Religiosity

26. Demographics I • Scenario • Evaluation of Adam • Reasons Adam left participants’ religion • Behavioral intensions towards Adam • Behavioral intentions towards participants’ faith • Religiosity • Demographics II

27. Results

28. DV: Evaluation of Adam Apostasy-Phobia

29. DV: Reasons for Leaving Participant’s Religion As religiosity increases, attribution to external reasons increases

30. DV: Reasons for Leaving Participant’s Religion

31. DV: Reasons for Leaving Participant’s Religion

32. DV: Behavioral Intentions towards Adam As religiosity increases, willingness to take action increases

33. DV: Behavioral Intentions towards Adam

34. DV: Behavioral Intentions towards Participants’ Faith As religiosity increases, willingness to take action increases

35. Discussion

36. Apostasy-phobia Religious Out-Group Religious In-Group Convert from In-Group Believers Evaluation Believers since childhood No Religion Out-Group People with no religion Convert from Out-Group

37. 2 Important Points • APOSTASY PHOBIA: A target who left participants’ religion was evaluated more negatively than a target who was always in another religion. • Participants are more willing to take action to (re)convert a target that left their religion versus a target that was always in another religion.

38. Implications

39. Science

40. Counseling

41. Law

42. Inter-group relations

43. ROSINA KAMIS University of Toronto • Email: rosinakamis@yahoo.com • Yahoo! ID: rosinakamis • ICQ #: 130230638 • AOL screen name: rosinakamis • MSN ID: rosinakamis@hotmail.com

44. Acknowledgments • Alison Chasteen, PhD • Dominic Packer • Chasteen Social Cognition Lab Members • Jay Van Bavel • Ramon Brasser, PhD (Astronomy), Queen’s University