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Angiosperms. Gymnosperms. Charophyceans. Seedless vascular plants. Bryophytes (nonvascular plants). 30 nm. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Meiosis/Lilium_microsporogenesis/Phragmoplast_Cell_Plate.low.jpg. Chara , a pond organism. (a). 10 mm. 40 µm.
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Angiosperms Gymnosperms Charophyceans Seedless vascular plants Bryophytes (nonvascular plants)
http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Meiosis/Lilium_microsporogenesis/Phragmoplast_Cell_Plate.low.jpghttp://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Meiosis/Lilium_microsporogenesis/Phragmoplast_Cell_Plate.low.jpg
Chara, a pond organism (a) 10 mm 40 µm Coleochaete orbicularis, a disk- shaped charophycean (LM) (b)
Figure 29.4 Embryos of land plants: Marchantia (left), Shepherd's purse (right)
Figure 29.6 Alternation of generations: a generalized scheme
Figure 29.9 Gametangia: Archegonium of Marchantia (left), Anteridium of a hornwort (right)
Figure 29.10 Cuticle of a stem from Psilotum (a pteridophyte)
Figure 29.11 The stem of Polypodium, a fern (a pteridophyte)
Viridiplantae Streptophyta Plantae Red algae Chlorophytes Charophyceans Embryophytes Ancestral alga
Figure 29.16 The life cycle of Polytrichum, a moss (Layer 3)
Figure 29.19 Sphagnum, or peat moss: Peat bog in Oneida County, Wisconsin (top), closeup of Sphagnum (bottom left), Sphagnum "leaf" (bottom right)
Land plants Vascular plants Bryophytes (nonvascular plants) Seedless vascular plants Seed plants Mosses Liverworts Hornworts Angiosperms Gymnosperms Charophyceans Pterophytes (ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns) Origin of seed plants (about 360 mya) Lycophytes (club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts) Origin of vascular plants (about 420 mya) Origin of land plants (about 475 mya) Ancestral green alga
Vascular tissue (a) Microphylls, such as those of lycophytes, may have originated as small stem outgrowths supported by single, unbranched strands of vascular tissue. Megaphylls, which have branched vascular systems, may have evolved by the fusion of branched stems. (b)
Figure 29.24b Fern sporophyll, a leaf specialized for spore production
Figure 29.21 Pteridophytes: club "moss" (top left), whisk fern (top right), horsetail (bottom left), fern (bottom right)
Homosporous spore production Eggs Typically a bisexual gametophyte Sporangium in sporophyll Single type of spore Sperm Heterosporous spore production Megasporangium in megasporophyll Female gametophyte Megaspore Eggs Microsporangium in microsporophyll Male gametophyte Microspore Sperm
Figure 29.24a Fern sporophyll, a leaf specialized for spore production