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Periodic Trends

Periodic Trends. CA Standards. Students know how to use the periodic table to identify trends in ionization energy, electronegativity , and the relative sizes of ions and atoms. Atomic Radius. Definition: Half of the distance between nuclei in covalently bonded diatomic molecule .

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Periodic Trends

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  1. Periodic Trends

  2. CA Standards • Students know how to use the periodic table to identify trends in ionization energy, electronegativity, and the relative sizes of ions and atoms.

  3. Atomic Radius Definition: Half of the distance between nuclei in covalently bonded diatomic molecule • Radius decreases across a period • Increased effective nuclear charge due to decreased shielding • Radius increases down a group • Each row on the periodic table adds a “shell” or energy level to the atom

  4. Table of Atomic Radii

  5. Period Trend:Atomic Radius

  6. Ionization Energy Definition: the energy required to remove an electron from an atom • Tends to increase across a period • As radius decreases across a period, the electron you are removing is closer to the nucleus and harder to remove • Tends to decrease down a group • Outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and easier to remove

  7. Periodic Trend:Ionization Energy

  8. Electronegativity Definition: A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons • Electronegativity tends to increase across a period • As radius decreases, electrons get closer to the bonding atom’s nucleus • Electronegativity tends to decrease down a group or remain the same • As radius increases, electrons are farther from the bonding atom’s nucleus

  9. Periodic Table of Electronegativities

  10. Periodic Trend:Electronegativity

  11. Summary of Periodic Trends

  12. Ionic Radii • Positively charged ions formed when • an atom of a metal loses one or • more electrons Cations • Smaller than the corresponding • atom • Negatively charged ions formed • when nonmetallic atoms gain one • or more electrons Anions • Larger than the corresponding • atom

  13. Graphic courtesy Wikimedia Commons user Popnose

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