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Cryotherapy Principles

Learn about cryotherapy principles, physiological effects, cold response, special considerations, and cryotherapy techniques. Explore thermotherapy's benefits, special considerations, and equipment used. Understand how to apply heat and cold therapies effectively.

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Cryotherapy Principles

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  1. Cryotherapy Principles • Most common means of cold therapy • Ice packs • Ice immersion • Wet ice is a more effective coolant due to the energy required to melt ice • Cold whirlpool • Ice towel • Ice massage

  2. Physiological Principles • Vasoconstriction • Decreases extent of secondary tissue death • Decreases cell metabolic rate • Decreases the need for oxygen • Results in less tissue damage • Decreased swelling from inflammatory response • Decreases muscle spasm • Decreases pain • Cold is more penetrating than heat • Decreases muscle fatigue

  3. Special Considerations • Avoid overcooling • Some individuals are allergic to cold and react with • Hives • Joint pain • Special medical conditions ice is contraindicated • Application of ice (very rare) can cause nerve damage • Be cautious with return to activity following icing • Stop cryotherapy for any of the above complications or side effects • Icing through a towel or bandage • Limits the reduction in temperature • Could limit effectiveness of treatment

  4. Cold Response • Burning • Aching • Numbness • Analgesia (pain is relieved) • Athlete can engage in rehab activities • Special considerations • Keep in mind comfort of the athlete during treatment

  5. Cryotherapy Techniques • Ice Massage • Cold or Ice Water Immersion • Temperature 50º to 60º • Ice Packs (Bags) • Chemical Cold packs • Vasocoolant Sprays

  6. Transmission of Thermal Energy • Temperatures of • 116.6o F will cause tissue damage and temperatures • 113o F should not be on the skin longer than 30 min.

  7. Thermotherapy • Physiological Effects of Superficial Heat • Dependent on type of heat energy applied • Intensity of heat energy • Duration of exposure • Desired effects • Increase soft tissue flexibility • Decreasing joint stiffness • Reducing pain • Relieving muscle spasm • Reduction of edema and swelling • Increasing blood flow • Pain relief • Gate control mechanism • Secretion of endorphins to block pain

  8. Special considerations • Never apply heat • When there is loss of sensation • Immediately after injury • When there is decreased arterial circulation • Directly to eyes or the genitals • To the abdomen during pregnancy • When there are signs of acute inflammation • Dry Heat • Moist Heat Therapies • Moist Heat Packs • Whirlpool • Ultrasound

  9. Contrast (Alternating Cold and Heat) • Equipment • Hot and cold tubs/whirlpools • Hot and cold packs • Indications • Transition from cold to heat • Minimal temperature changes occur superficially • Application • Treatment ratio used • Move from primarily cold to heat • Water temperature should be kept constant • Athlete should be comfortable

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