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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Socialization. Chapter Outline. What is Socialization? The Self and Self-concept Learning to Be Human Theories of Socialization Socialization Through the Life Course Resocialization Agents of Socialization. What is Socialization?.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Socialization

  2. Chapter Outline • What is Socialization? • The Self and Self-concept • Learning to Be Human • Theories of Socialization • Socialization Through the Life Course • Resocialization • Agents of Socialization

  3. What is Socialization? • Begins with learning the norms and roles of our family and subculture and making these part of our self-concept. • As we grow older and join new groups and assume new roles, we learn new norms and redefine our self-concept.

  4. The Self and Self-Concept • The I is the spontaneous, creative part of the self. • The me is the self as social object, the part of the self that responds to others’ expectations. • The self that we are aware of is our self-concept. It consists of our thoughts about our personality and social roles.

  5. Theories of Socialization • Freudian theory • Piaget and cognitive development • Symbolic interaction theory • The structural school

  6. Freudian Theory Socialization is a contest between • Biological drives (id) • Notions of right and wrong (super ego) • Internalized as what we would call conscience.  

  7. Piaget and Cognitive Development 4 stage model of cognitive development: • sensorimotor stage - birth to 2, children are focused on the immediate input of their senses. • preoperational stage - 2 to 7, children learn use of language, but without understanding of cause and effect relationships.

  8. Piaget and Cognitive Development • concrete operational stage - after 7, children develop understanding of cause and effect relationships. • formal operational stage - comprehend concrete and abstract relationships like those of algebra.

  9. Symbolic Interaction Theory Three premises: • To understand human behavior, we must learn what behaviors mean to the individuals. • Meanings develop within social relationships. • Individuals play active roles in constructing their self-concepts.

  10. The Looking Glass Self Sociologist Charles Horton Cooley • We imagine how we appear to others. • We imagine how others judge our appearance. • We respond to these perceived judgments by altering our self-concept.

  11. Two Schools of Symbolic Interaction

  12. Two Schools of Symbolic Interaction

  13. Socialization throughthe Life Course • Childhood - primary socialization.   • Adolescence - anticipatory socialization.   • Adulthood - professional socialization.   • Age 65 and beyond - role exits 

  14. Agents of Socialization • Family - the most significant setting for the socialization most of us undergo. • Schools - training grounds for accepting authority and preparing for work roles. • Peers - source of norms, attitudes, beliefs, and values that may conflict with family’s.

  15. Agents of Socialization • Mass media - reinforces and supports norms and beliefs we already adhere to. • Religion - religious affiliation may serve mainly to instill and support moral values. • Workplace - forging important social identities and important attitudes and values.

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