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Historical Overview of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Key Events and Perspectives

The Arab-Israeli conflict has deep historical roots, tracing back 3,000 years to Jewish claims to the land. The Zionist movement in the late 19th century sought a Jewish homeland, leading to increased tensions in Palestine, then a British mandate. Significant events include the Balfour Declaration (1922), Israel's establishment in 1948, subsequent wars (1956, 1967, 1973), and the rise of Palestinian groups like the PLO and Hamas. Efforts for peace have been met with violence, and the struggle continues with varying perspectives on sovereignty and self-determination.

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Historical Overview of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Key Events and Perspectives

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  1. Arab-Israeli Conflict

  2. I. Palestine & Israel • Jewish view: claim to land 3,000 yrs. Ago • Famine led to Diaspora • Zionist Movement: an international political movement that supported a homeland for the Jewish people (late 19th cent.) • Palestine became a British mandate following WWI. • 1922: Balfour Declaration

  3. Arabs rioted as Jews immigrated • 1939: Brit. shut off Jewish immigration (WWII) • Palestinian Jews turned to terrorism • 1946: Israel was a war zone • 1947: Brit. backed out of governance of Israel • UN took over – formed partition betw. Jews & Arabs – Truman endorsed

  4. 1948: • Israel officially became a country • Arabs launched an attack on Israel • Israel fought off invasion (U.S.) • Other wars: 1956, 1967, & 1973 • Israel won each war

  5. Gaza Strip, West Bank, & Golan Heights: • Intended as living space for Palestinians • Occupied by Israel

  6. 1967 (the Six Day War)-Israel defeated Egypt, Syria, Jordan, & Iraq • Reclaimed the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and the Sinai Peninsula • Sinai Peninsula was returned to Egypt 1982

  7. -1964: Palestinian Liberation Organization(PLO) --Yasir Arafat (leader) --Fatah Party (1958) *Goal of PLO & Fatah: complete liberation of Palestine, and eradication of Zionist economic, political, military and cultural existence • Seen as terrorists

  8. 1993: Israel & PLO signed a Declaration of Principles (Oslo Accords): • First time Palestinians recognized Israel’s right to exist • Provided for Palestinian self-govt. in two places (Gaza & parts of West Bank) • Activists from both sides criticized this accord

  9. 1994: Violence broke out • An Israeli killed 29 Muslims in West Bank • Palestinians responded with suicide bombings • Hamas: an Islamist group said war until an independent Palestine was created

  10. 2000: an intifada (uprising) began by Palestinians • followed Camp David Summit (failed after 9 days) • The Arab leader who would surrender Jerusalem is not born yet. (Arafat)

  11. 2001: Ariel Sharon (Israeli PM)– accused Arafat of terrorism • Jan. 2006: incapacitated • Benjamin Netanyahu (PM of Israel) • 2004: Yasir Arafat died • MamoudAbbas—current PLO leader • Denounced violence

  12. 2004: Israel began building a concrete barrier around Jerusalem (protection against Palestinian suicide bombers)

  13. 2006: Hamas won Palestinian election • Beat the Fatah Party • Hamas: Islamist party • Does not recognize Israel

  14. Israeli & Palestinian leaders called for a return to the “road map,” a US sponsored peace plan to create a Palestinian state.

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