1 / 35

Zoology Chapter 2 Cells.

Zoology Chapter 2 Cells. Ms. Cox 2006-2007. What is a Cell?. The fundamental unit of life. Two main types of cells: Prokaryotes-are single celled organisms, DNA is not membrane bound. Eukaryotes- are many celled organisms, DNA is enclosed in a nuclear membrane. Prokaryote Cell.

bump
Télécharger la présentation

Zoology Chapter 2 Cells.

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Zoology Chapter 2Cells. Ms. Cox 2006-2007

  2. What is a Cell? • The fundamental unit of life. • Two main types of cells: • Prokaryotes-are single celled organisms, DNA is not membrane bound. • Eukaryotes- are many celled organisms, DNA is enclosed in a nuclear membrane.

  3. Prokaryote Cell

  4. Eukaryote Cell

  5. Parts of a Cell and Their Function • Plasma Membrane: a selective membrane that forms a boundary around the cell. • Cytoplasm: a semi-fluid substance in which the organelles are suspended. (kinda like photos they show of the astronauts in space.) • Nucleus: contains the chromosomes surrounded by the nucleoplasm.

  6. Parts of a Cell and Their Function • Mitochondria - break down food and release energy to the cell • Lysosomes - are chemicals used to digest waste • Vacuoles - are storage areas for the cell

  7. Parts of a Cell and Their Function • Nuclear Membrane - separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm • Endoplasmic Reticulum - moves materials around in the cell • Ribosomes - make protein for the cell • Golgi Bodies - are used for packaging and secreting of energy

  8. Stack of Pancakes? Golgi Bodies

  9. Spider web and layered rock? Endoplasmic Reticulum

  10. Pimples, no? Ribosomes

  11. Kidney Bean? No Choloraplast

  12. Shoe, no? Mitochondria

  13. Parts of a Cell and Their Function Some organelles are found only in Plant cells.   These organelles are: Cell Wall - provides structure to the plant cell Chloroplasts - contain chlorophyll that is make food for the plant cell

  14. How does material move within a cell? What are the methods? • Diffusion: the movement of molecules from areas of higher to lower concentrations. It requires no energy. • Osmosis: the diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane. Moving into or out of a cell. • Filtration: the movement of protein free plasma across capillary walls due to a pressure gradient.

  15. How does material move within a cell? What are the methods? • Active transport: occurs when carrier proteins transport molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. ATP or energy is required for this. • Endocytosis: the process by which a cell inputs material by enveloping it.

  16. How does material move within a cell? What are the methods? • Pinocytosis: is the uptake of fluid droplets. • Phagocytosis: the uptake of solid particles. • Exocytosis: the process of a cell expelling large amounts of materials.

  17. What structure allows those movement processes? • Cytoskeleton: is a flexible cellular framework that supports organelles and allows for cellular movement. Composed of Microtubules.

  18. Microtubules • Microtubules are conveyer belts inside the cells. They move vesicles, granules, organelles like mitochondria, and chromosomes via special attachment proteins. In the middle of these there are two centrioles that are involved in cell division and formation of the cytoskeleton.

  19. Flagella- longer and occur in smaller numbers

  20. Cilia-usually short and numerous

  21. So that’s a cell, So what does a ton of cells put together create?

  22. Cells combine to make • Tissues • Organs • Organ Systems

  23. Tissues • 7 main types • Epithelia tissue • Connective tissue • Adipose tissue • Cartilage and Bone Tissue • Blood • Muscle tissue • Nervous Tissue

  24. Epithelia tissue • Covers or lines structures, and is bounded by a basement membrane. • Picture is a swab of a check.

  25. Connective tissue • Support and bind other tissues. The cells are embedded in an extracellular matrix with numerous fibers. • ELASTIC CONNECTIVE Tissue to the right.

  26. Adipose tissue • Characterized by cells swollen with lipids. (lipids are fats)

  27. Cartilage and Bone Tissue • Characterized by a relatively solid matrix. osteoblasts

  28. Blood Blood • Characterized by a fluid matrix. White Blood Cell Red Blood Cell

  29. Muscle tissue Smooth • Three types: • Skeletal • Smooth • Cardiac Cardiac Skeletal

  30. Nervous Tissue • Composed of neurons, conducting nervous impulses, and glial cells, which supports the neurons. Cerebral tissue

  31. Organs • Functional units composed of different types of tissues. Examples Eyespots and Reproductive organs. • An eyespot may be a specialized part of a cell as in protozoans, a single photoreceptor cell, or a small cluster of receptors with few or no accessory optical and neural structures.

  32. Female Reproductive Organs

  33. Organ Systems • Groups of organs with a particular function. • Example Circulatory System.

More Related