Abstract

1. Added Sugar Intake and Weekend Television Viewing is Related to Increased Central Adiposity among Prepubertal Children Bridget Schuld1, Naiman A. Khan1, Lauren B. Raine1, Eric Drollette1, Mark Scudder1, Matthew Pontifex1, Sharon M. Donovan1, Ellen M. Evans2, Darla M. Castelli3, Charles H. Hillman1 1University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2University of Georgia, 3University of Texas at Austin Figure 2. Females have Higher Central Adiposity than Males Materials and Methods Abstract * • 229 prepubertal children were recruited from an ongoing NIH-Funded after-school physical activity research trial (FITKids) • Whole body % Fat Mass and central adiposity were measured using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) • Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by measuring maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) using a computerized indirect calorimetry system and a modified Balke protocol (ACSM, 2006) • Diet intake by measured using one parent-assisted 24-hour diet recall • Parents reported their child’s weekday and weekend television (TV) use Central adiposity is strongly related to insulin resistance and is the most clinically relevant type of body fat in children as is the case in adults. This study aimed to determine diet and media use components related to central adiposity among 229 prepubertal children (8.85 ± 0.59 years). It was hypothesized that increased sugar intake and television viewing will be related to increased central adiposity. Parents reported their child’s weekend television viewing (TV). Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and one 24-hour recall were used to assess fitness and diet, respectively. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure percent fat mass (%Fat) and central adiposity (FM-abd). Gender specific waist circumference-for-age percentiles (WC-age) were determined. Among females, increased FM-abd was related to weekend TV (r=0.22, p=0.02), intake of added sugars (r=0.36, p=0.03), and cholesterol-to-saturated fatty acid index (r=0.28, p=0.22). These relationships remained significant after controlling for fitness and total diet energy density (kcals/grams). Among males, no diet or media use variables were related to FM-abd. Females above the 75th percentile cutoff of WC-age (N=32) had higher energy intake (p=0.04), added sugars (p<0.01), and cholesterol-to-saturated fatty index (p=0.03) than females below the cutoff. Weekend TV and added sugar intake appears to be related to central adiposity, independent of fitness and energy density. These relationships were only significant among females and not males suggesting that dietary and sedentary behaviors may have differential health-related outcomes for prepubertal children based on gender. Results Data presented as mean ± standard deviation * Indicates significant difference between groups (p<0.05) Table 1. Participant Age and Anthropometrics Figure 3. Females Above the 75th Percentile Waist-for-Age Have Higher Intake of Added Sugars Data presented as mean ± standard deviation * Indicates significant difference between groups (p<0.05) Data presented as mean ± standard deviation * Indicates significant difference between groups (p<0.05) Introduction Figure 1. BMI-for-age Classifications by Gender Table 3. Weekend TV Time is Correlated with Central Adiposity Among Females (N=99), After Controlling for Fitness and Energy Density Obesity and overweight in childhood have been on the rise in the United States and currently stand at a prevalence rate of 17% (≥95th percentile BMI-for-age) and 30% (≥85thpercentile BMI-for-age), respectively. Obesity in early childhood is a strong predictor of obesity in adulthood and can lead to life-threatening medical conditions, such as diabetes and coronary heart disease. Abdominal adipose tissue (central adiposity) in children has been previously correlated with higher plasma lipids, elevated blood pressure, and insulin resistance. Research is needed to determine which behavioral factors (e.g. media use and diet intake) are related to central adiposity among children **Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (one-tailed) *Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (one-tailed)) Females (N=113) Males (N=116)) Table 2. Diet Intake Reported by Males and Females (N=152) Objective & Hypothesis Conclusions Weekend TV time and intake of added sugars was related to central adiposity among females, after controlling for fitness. We observed differences in added sugars between females based on the waist circumference-for-age cutoff (75th percentile). Given that these relationships were only significant among girls and not boys suggests that certain dietary and sedentary behaviors may have differential health-related outcomes for prepubertal children based on gender. Objective: The overall objective of this research is to determine how TV viewing and diet intake affect central adiposity in prepubertal children. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that increased added sugar intake and television viewing will be related to increased central adiposity. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation (Supported by NIH HD055352)