Residential Intermediate Sanctions

1. Residential Intermediate Sanctions Chapter 8

2. Intermediate sanctions: alternative sentencing options Continuum of sanctions Gives the judge latitude in selecting punishments Increased control of offender in the community Situated between probation and prison

3. Widening the net: sentence people who would have received probation to a harsher intermediate sanction, only because that sanction is available. Not because the offender needs more intensive supervision

4. Shock Incarceration Brief incarceration followed by supervised probation Also known as: shock probation, shock parole, split sentence Target population: young offenders with no incarceration in adult prisons

5. Shock Incarceration Goal: make prison experience distasteful (shock) and fear of returning would make them avoid criminal activity Began in Ohio in 1965 Success rates : 78-91% Limits prison time, cost, gives offenders another chance

6. Boot Camps Georgia 1983 Most common form of shock incarceration Goal: instill discipline and responsibility Military style Includes therapy and education Some have solitary confinement

7. Boot Camps First time felons, convicted of non-violent offense, certain age group, physical requirements 90-180 days Probation or parole supervision

8. Boot Camps 2 types of boot camps Prison boot camps Chosen from the general prison population Paroled upon graduation Less time served Probation/jail boot camps Chosen by judges Residential facility Graduate to ISP or regular probation

9. Probation boot camps Reduce institutional crowding Provide rehabilitation Punish offenders Reduce recidivism 4 states left: Michigan, Montana, Texas and Virginia

10. Offender Perspectives Offenders say that there are negative effects of boot camps No free time Limited visits Not treated fairly Humiliation High levels of stress

11. Criticisms of boot camps Confrontational style Reduce self-esteem Increase violence Encourage abuse of power 8th amendment: cruel and unusual punishment

12. Evaluations of boot camps Decreases institutional crowding Behavioral change is the same as those that served regular prison time Many camps are closing. Very few left

13. Residential Community Corrections Popular intermediate sanction More intensive supervision Cost less than jail or prison Offenders can work in the community Contribute to their families

14. RCCF�s Residents must live in the facility Must be employed Can leave the facility for work Must be pre-approved to leave for any other reason Curfew, pass

15. RCCF�s Differences in facilities Public or private Type of treatment offered Type of clients Facility size

16. Halfway houses Residential facilities Structured setting ISP Halfway out Transferred from the DOC Halfway in Diversion program Increased sanction

17. History of Halfway houses 1800s England and Ireland 1816 in US After a riot in a Pennsylvania system, a commission was appointed to examine problems with prisons Temporary shelters for prisoners to get back on their feet

18. History Non profit organizations opened halfway houses as an alternative to release None for women; they could rehabilitate themselves At the time, half way houses were only for food and shelter

19. History During the depression, halfway houses were forced to close 1950s- opening of more private houses Beginning to add treatment and services Less expensive

20. History 1960s: houses started receiving government assistance More funding in the 1970s Funding decreased in the 1980s No one set model of halfway houses exists

21. FYI Have to be referred by prison case manager Some offenders have to pay some of their costs Average cost = $43 per day

22. Benefits Assist in readjustment to the free world Help find a better job Allow closer family relations Help in staying off drugs and alcohol Allow them to help families financially

23. Program Components Live in the facility and work Rehab programs Must work full time or be in school full time Chores, community service Learn to adjust to freedom Graduated release

24. Increased freedom must be earned Based on good behavior Financial situation of the offender

25. Working at the facilities Staff works in activities that are custody oriented The other staff takes care of treatment and rehabilitation Case manager is very similar to working probation/parole

26. Evaluations of Halfway houses Recidivism rates are examined to determine success and failure Approx 65% complete the programs successfully Job skills Education Gender (female)

27. Evaluations Least likely to succeed Age Drug and alcohol use Emotional problems No community ties

28. Other types of RCCF�s Restitution Centers Targeted for property or first time offenders Own victim restitution or community service Get help with employment Release when restitution is paid in full

29. Restitution Centers Violent offenders, recidivists and professional criminals are not eligible for most programs Some middle class not allowed because they have jobs and earn money to pay Many meet with the victim face to face to set up a restitution plan

30. Restitution Centers Parole boards usually have to approve the plan Centers help with employment and compliance of the plan

31. Therapeutic Communities Main focus is on treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction 6-9 months of residential treatment Aftercare after release Learn to transition back into the community Patients are screened based on suitability and readiness for treatment

32. Therapeutic Communities Very structured and disciplined Peer operated and peer enforced Low completion rate Many drop out (25-85%) Shaming and humiliation techniques

33. Therapeutic communities Clients are recommend for the programs 1-2 years before release from prison May have failed other community programs Can be good for young offenders and females, nonviolent offenders Some don�t have strong support systems relapse

34. Work and Study release Often times called furlough Offenders are usually still in prison or jail Released for community service, work or education Very restrictive Inmates are called trustees Started in 1913 (Washington) More popular beginning in the 1970s

35. Work and Study release Within 6 to 9 months of being released Receive help finding and maintaining a job Get help with reintegration Reduce recidivism rates Inmates must pose minimal public safety risk Placing offenders on furlough has declined (money and society)

36. Work and Study release Studies indicate: Inmates actually commit fewer crimes while on furlough Recidivism rates are the same as those who are released without this program

37. Women Offenders Seeing prisons with more programs that are specialized for mothers with children Children often suffer very negative effects because of incarcerated parents Some people do not like the idea of these programs Girl Scout program

38. Women offenders Many programs teach mothers Parenting skills Substance abuse treatment Job skills Education Nutrition Budgets How to interact with children