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Ch. 25 Special Considerations in Athletes

Ch. 25 Special Considerations in Athletes. Objectives. Explain how climate affects athletic performance. Describe the difference between heat exhaustion and heatstroke. Explain the five ways the body loses heat. Describe how to treat hypothermia and hyperthermia.

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Ch. 25 Special Considerations in Athletes

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  1. Ch. 25 Special Considerations in Athletes

  2. Objectives • Explain how climate affects athletic performance. • Describe the difference between heat exhaustion and heatstroke. • Explain the five ways the body loses heat. • Describe how to treat hypothermia and hyperthermia. • Explain how different skin conditions are exacerbated by athletics. • Explain the effects of diabetes and how it can be managed, • Explain how epilepsy affects the body. • Explain what a systemic reaction to an insect bite is. • Describe the female athlete triad.

  3. Heat Stress • Cannot maintain homeostasis • hypothalamus • Hyperthermia-general name for heat related illness • 80% of heat lost through the skin

  4. Heat Index • Indicates risk associated with outdoor exercise • Air Temperature • Relative Humidity • Heat index is calculated for conditions in the shade • As relative humidity increases, it is harder for your body to cool through evaporation

  5. Heat Index

  6. Dehydration • Urine is dark yellow • Decreased endurance • Decreased max oxygen uptake • Disorientation • Irritability • Rapid pulse

  7. Heat Cramps • First stage of heat illness • Believed to be caused by dehydration and electrolyte loss • Usually starts in calf but can affect quads, hamstrings, abs • Treat with ice, passive stretching, and consumption of fluids

  8. Heat Syncope • Fainting • Body attempts to cool by dilating blood vessels in the skin • Decreases blood to the brain • Treat with drinking fluids

  9. Heat Exhaustion • Near total body collapse • S/S: skin cool, moist, and pale; weakness, dizziness, and nausea • Rapid breathing; weak and rapid pulse • Move athlete to shade, apply cool, wet cloths • Fan athlete and give fluids • Athlete are more likely to suffer from heat exhaustion after initial episode

  10. Heat Stroke • CALL 911!! • Body’s thermoregulatory system has failed • S/S: hot, dry, red skin; strong and rapid pulse; mental confusion or unconsciousness • Move athlete to cooler environment • Use cold bath or apply ice to armpits, groin, neck • Remove all excessive clothing

  11. Methods of Heat Loss • Respiration: heat lost through exhalation • Evaporation: occurs through sweating • Conduction: temperature difference between two surfaces; ex. Sitting on the cold ground • Radiation: heat transfer by infrared rays; will lose heat when body is warmer than environment and vice versa • Convection: heat loss through air currents

  12. Wind Chill

  13. Hypothermia • Occurs when body heat is lost faster than it can be replaced • Blood will move to the core leaving skin and extremities to cool rapidly • S/S: shivering, slurred speech, numbness in hands and feet • Unconscious when body temp reaches 85°

  14. Hypothermia • Move person inside • Remove wet, cold clothing and replace with warm, dry clothing • Do not try to rapidly warm the body with hot bath or electric blankets---may cause cardiac arrest! • Offer warm towel, warm liquids, food

  15. Frostbite • When skin is exposed to temperatures under 32°F • Usually occurs in fingers, toes, earlobes, chin, nose, cheeks • Frostnip: pins and needles sensation • 2nd stage: blistering may occur, ice crystals form • 3rd stage: blood vessels, muscles frozen

  16. Frostbite • Move indoors • Apply warm towels • Do not use hot water Aleah’s Feet

  17. Skin Conditions • Plantar Warts • TineaPedis • Jogger’s Nipples

  18. Diabetes • Body does not produce or properly use insulin • Insulin is a hormone needed to make cells absorb sugar, which is converted into energy • High blood sugar can cause damage to eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart • Usually a genetic disorder • 17 million people in the U.S • 6 million are unaware they have the disease

  19. Types of Diabetes • Type 1 (Juvenile diabetes) • Body fails to produce insulin • Use insulin injections • Plan meals, exercise, check blood sugar • Type 2 (adult onset diabetes) • Strongly genetic but lifestyle choices are major risk factor, such as excess weight, inactivity, high blood pressure, poor diet

  20. Diabetic Emergencies • Insulin reaction-too much insulin in the body • Not enough sugar in the blood • Dizziness, weakness, headache, hunger • Give person sugar • Diabetic coma-too much sugar in the blood • Develop over days • Confusion, thirst, dehydration, sweet/fruity breath • Seek medical help

  21. Seizure Disorders • 5-7% of U.S. population will suffer a seizure • 1% has epilepsy • Simple partial seizure-jerking in one part of the body • Tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal)-sudden fall followed by muscle jerks • Make sure person seizing is safe, keep airway open

  22. Insect Bites and Stings • Local reaction-pain, swelling • Systemic or allergic reaction-nausea, vomiting, wheezing • Anaphylaxis- treat with Epi Pen ASAP, call 911

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