SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

1. SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

2. Native Americans • In 1824, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was created to administer funds for the “civilization” of Indians • Boarding schools built, e.g., Carlisle School, to Americanize Indians • American Indian Movement (AIM) is one of the most militant Indian organizations—(1968) • Purpose: 1st, to protest violations of the Sioux Treaty of 1868, and 2nd seized Wounded Knee village for 70 days

3. African Americans • In 1905, a small group of Black “radicals” under the leadership of W.E.B. Du Bois formed the Niagara Movement • In 1909, Niagara group members joined with some White liberals • to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) • the leaders of the NAACP opposed the “ever-growing oppression and the disenfranchisement” of Black people

4. The Mexican American civil rights movements • The most famous and successful organization of Mexican Americans—the League of United Latin-American Citizens (LULAC) was formed in 1929 • LULAC emphasized both assimilation and the elimination of discrimination • Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF) established in 1967 • The United Farm Workers (UFW) organized in California by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta

5. The Second Generation Period: • The Japanese American Citizen’s League (JACL) represented the Nisei’s determination to rise in American society • be accepted as equals • Elect more Japanese Americans to public office