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Exploring Animal Communication: Types, Functions, and Social Dynamics

This chapter discusses the complexities of animal communication, including the various channels through which messages are conveyed, such as sound, visual signals, touch, and chemical pathways. It examines the advantages and limitations of each method, the roles of specific signals in social behavior, and the evolutionary theories behind communication. The chapter also addresses how different species recognize one another and coordinate group behaviors for hunting or foraging. Through understanding these dynamics, we gain insight into the survival strategies animals employ in their natural habitats.

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Exploring Animal Communication: Types, Functions, and Social Dynamics

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  1. Unit 1 Making a Living in the Wild Chapter 9 Part 1 Communication

  2. Communication • Sender sends signal to receiver • Receiver responds in some way • Leads to an advantage to sender • Can also be advantage to receiver w/o intention

  3. Channels of communication • Sound • Visual • Touch • Smell • Electric fields • Substrate vibration

  4. Sound • Calls- short • Songs- long • Language- most complex • Good: radiates in all directions at once, can easily be turned on/off • Bad: takes E, heard by pred • Used to notify of proximate pred

  5. Visual messages • Good: easily identified, little error, quickly transmitted, directional, contains lots of info • Bad: not over long distances, easily blocked, need light • Light: can create light as a signal • Some can change color quickly

  6. Touch messages • Must be in close contact • Communicates dominance or submission • Giving of a food message • Initiate transport message

  7. Chemical message • Chemical pathways- most universal form of communication • Pheromones • Cheap to produce, less risky to attract attention, last long time, good in day or night, not good after inclement weather

  8. Releasers vs. primers • Chemical releasers affect behavior of another individual • Primers directly affect other individual’s physiology • Bruce effect-tendency for female rodents to terminate their pregnancies following exposure to the scent of an unfamiliar male

  9. Fxns of communication: 2 theories of why it evolved • 1. Share info about what the animal will do next • 2. To manipulate other’s behaviors b/c advantageous to themselves

  10. Comm is specific to a group • Social releasers- elicit distinctive social behaviors of the same species • Ritualization- signals become part of the social communication

  11. Recognition fxns- be able to recognize their own species, group, family, mated pairs, offspring • Primates have distinct facial characteristics • Voices

  12. Group coordination • Whales live in groups called pods • Each group has own dialect • Young learn by imitating adults • Alarm- warns others of danger by sound or chemical • Hunting- more efficient • Foraging- can show location to others

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