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Exploring Subatomic Particles with High-Energy Accelerators

Learn about B0 mesons and their oscillations, the SLAC and LHC accelerators, neutrino detectors, and particle collision studies. Discover the mysteries of matter and antimatter annihilation.

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Exploring Subatomic Particles with High-Energy Accelerators

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  1. High Energy Accelerators Dennis Silverman Physics and Astronomy U. C. Irvine

  2. SLAC B Meson Factory • Neutral B0 mesons are composed of a u quark and a b antiquark. • They live long enough to go some distance in the detector, called BaBar. • They oscillate to their anti- B0 through annihilating to a W+ and W- pair. • In this oscillation there is a discrepancy between particle and antiparticle rates. • This allows us to learn about such a discrepancy that allowed the universe to remain one part in a billion matter after matter and antimatter annihilated in the big bang. • A similar B factory called Belle is producing similar results in Japan.

  3. B – Anti-B pairs formed by e+ e-Annihilation B – anti-B pair created through virtual photon b->anti-B e- virtual photon e+ anti-b-> B

  4. SLAC Accelerator – PEP rings

  5. BaBar Detector

  6. Typical collider detector elements

  7. proton Fermilab Tevatron • Rings allow collisions of protons and anti-protons in their center of mass, each of 1TeV energy. • Included quarks and anti-quarks colliding at a typical 1/3 of a TeV each. Anti-proton

  8. CDF (and D0) Detectors

  9. LHC at CERN • Large Hadron Collider at CERN Geneva • 7 TeV protons on 7 TeV protons in their center of mass, 27 km long ring tunnel • Cost of $2.5 billion to international collaboration, U.S. about $0.5 billion share, including much manpower • Atlas and CMS detectors • Capable of producing Higgs and SUSY particles • Starting in 2007

  10. LHC Ring Layout

  11. LHC Tunnel and Accelerator

  12. Cross Section of Two Beam PathMagnets

  13. Atlas Detector – Five Stories Tall

  14. Neutrino Detectors • Large water detectors • Charged particles produce Cherenkov light cones • Detect atmospheric produced neutrinos from cosmic rays, and their oscillations • Detect solar neutrinos and their oscillations • Detect supernova produced neutrinos • Search for proton decay • Talk in the Fall from Hank Sobel

  15. Super-K (Kamiokande)

  16. Super-K • 11,000 20 inch phototubes • 50 kilotons of purified water • In a deep mine • Dimensions: 40 m diameter, 40 m high

  17. New Phototube layout

  18. SNO (Sudbury Neutrino Detector) • 1 kiloton of Canadian heavy water D20 • 7 kilotons of normal water surrounding • 18 m sphere surrounding • 10,000 phototubes

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