1 / 44

Updates on Current Science of Nutrient Flows and Conservation Actions in Iowa

Updates on Current Science of Nutrient Flows and Conservation Actions in Iowa. Dan Jaynes Panel: Bill Crumpton, Matt Helmers, Tom Isenhart, Dan Jaynes, and Tom Kaspar. The Iowa landscape is a drastically modified landscape. Trends. Other Trends. Hewes and Frandson, 1952.

byrnel
Télécharger la présentation

Updates on Current Science of Nutrient Flows and Conservation Actions in Iowa

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Updates on Current Science of Nutrient Flows and Conservation Actions in Iowa Dan Jaynes Panel: Bill Crumpton, Matt Helmers, Tom Isenhart, Dan Jaynes, and Tom Kaspar

  2. The Iowa landscape is a drastically modified landscape.

  3. Trends

  4. Other Trends Hewes and Frandson, 1952

  5. Investment in Agricultural Drainage Panama Canal$400,000,000 Drainage of Iowa$450,000,000 after F.W. Beckman, 1913

  6. Drained land in cornbelt = 51.3 x 106 ac. • Total irrigated land in US = 57 x 106 ac.

  7. “Cost” of Drainage

  8. “Cost” of Drainage Mitch and Gosselink, 1993

  9. Benefits of Drainage: Trafficability

  10. Benefits: Crop yield response to drainage

  11. Other Trends 120 surface drainage 100 subsurface drainage ac) all drainage 6 80 60 Land drained (10 40 20 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Year Pavelis, 1987, Economic Survey of Farm Drainage

  12. Other Trends USDA, NASS

  13. Other Trends

  14. Other Trends

  15. Lbs. Commercial Nitrogen Fertilizer Applied per Bushel of Corn Produced (5-yr running average for U.S. ) Data Source: USDA NASS 1970-1983 1984-1994 1995-2000 2001-Present 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 Lbs. N/bu 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 + Nitrogen Use Efficiency AFBF EA graphic May 2006

  16. Frandsen farm ~ 1900 Example of How Iowa Farmsteads Changed with these Trends in Agriculture Hewes and Frandson, 1952

  17. Drainage system 1900+ Hewes and Frandson, 1952

  18. After drainage, 1947 Hewes and Frandson, 1952

  19. Frandsen farm today

  20. Ames

  21. 50 Year Precipitation, Ames, IA External Trends

  22. Q, BF & OF in 4 tributaries in the MR basin since 1940 9. Cedar River at Cedar Rapids，IA 10. Illinois River at Kingston Mines 11. Wabash River at Camel, IL 12. Ohio River at Louisville, KY 102% 46% 35% 9.2% Zhang and Schilling (2006) J. Hydrol.

  23. Institute of Water Research, Michigan State University

  24. Rain Runoff P NO3- P P NO3- Infiltration NO3- NO3-

  25. 3

  26. N Fertilizer Use Has Increased, So The Solution Is Just Reduce N Rates Goolsby et al, 1999

  27. 10-yr Average Corn Yield and Tile NO3 Loss for a Corn/Soybean Rotation 200 25 average corn yield 20 150 15 tile drainage Yield (bu/ac) 100 Nitrate-N in Tile Drainage (mg/L) 10 50 5 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 N-Fertilizer Rate (lbs/ac)

  28. 10-yr Average Corn Yield and Tile NO3 Loss for a Corn/Soybean Rotation 200 25 average corn yield 20 150 15 water quality Yield (bu/ac) 100 Nitrate-N in Tile Drainage (mg/L) 10 50 5 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 N-Fertilizer Rate (lbs/ac) B

  29. 10-yr Average Corn Yield and Tile NO3 Loss for a Corn/Soybean Rotation 200 25 average corn yield 20 150 15 water quality Yield (bu/ac) 100 Nitrate-N in Tile Drainage (mg/L) 10 50 5 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 N-Fertilizer Rate (lbs/ac) A B C

  30. Optimum N Fertilizer Rates

  31. 2% loss in SON and SOC in 10 yr

  32. System

  33. Can We Modify the System? e.g. Return to Perennials

  34. Wilson and Browning, 1945

  35. Trends in Iowa Agriculture • Fertilizer use (and manure) • Field drainage/Stream channelization • hydrology • Cropping patterns/rotations • Farm numbers and size • Climate

  36. Challenge: Recapture some of the original landscape function without sacrificing our ability to produce food, feed, fiber, and fuel

More Related