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Understanding Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survival Rates

Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumor in young men, particularly those in their 20s, with a high cure rate when diagnosed early. Delays in diagnosis often stem from fear and ignorance surrounding self-examination. The primary presentation is a painless testicular mass. Treatment options include surgical interventions, such as radical orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, and chemotherapy regimens like BEP (Bleomycin, Etoposide, Cisplatin). Monitoring of serum tumor markers and adherence to surveillance protocols are crucial for successful long-term management and survival, with 5-year survival rates exceeding 90% for most cases.

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Understanding Testicular Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Survival Rates

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  1. Testes Cancer Dr. Kenneth Lim Urology – MSU-COM POH McLaren Medical Center

  2. Testes Cancer • Most common solid tumor in 20s • High cure rate • Delay in diagnosis due to fear, ignorance, failure for self examination • Presentation – painless testicular mass

  3. Testes Cancer -Treatment • Cure milestones – 2 and 5 years • Surveillance protocols – reliabilty • Serum markers – use to justify treatment • Surgery(RPLND) – diagnostic and therapeutic • Chemotherapy – must weigh therapeutic advantage vs. salvage cure rate

  4. Testes Ca • 1% -Benign • Non-Germ Cell (5-10%) • Leydig cell • Sertoli cell • Germ Cell (90-95%) • Seminoma • Non-seminoma

  5. Age 0-10 20-30 25-35 30-40 >50 Histology Yolk sac tumor Choriocarcinoma Mixed – E,T, TC Seminoma Lymphoma Testes Ca - Epidemiology

  6. Risk factors for Testes Ca • Cryptorchidism • HIV infections • Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia • Gonadal dysgenesis with Y chromosome

  7. Staging • Tumor markers • AFP, HCG, LDH • Chest, Abdominal, Pelvic CT Scan • Brain Scan

  8. Stage Risk Status I - IIA / IIB - Good IIC / III Intemed Poor Seminoma Nonsem >98 >98 >95 >95 86 92 72 80 48 Testes Ca 5 Year Survival

  9. Surgery for Testes Ca • Radical Orchiectomy • Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND)

  10. Radiation Therapy • Retroperitoneal Templates

  11. Testes Ca – Chemotherapy for NSGCT • Bleomycin • Etoposide • Cisplatin

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